Biology Progress Check: Microscopes and Cells

Simple microscope

Concave mirror

<p>200,000 times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria (B), Amoeba (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amoeboid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cells have plastids, but animal cells do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi complexes (B), Dictyosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repair = Cell division Cooling of Body = Gland cells give out sweat for evaporation Movement = Contractility of cell Protection from disease = Cells devour germs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells like organisms go through stages of growth, aging, and eventual death. Red blood cells have a life span of about 120 days. After this time, they are broken down and replaced by new cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes - Synthesis of proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of centrosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthocyanin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cisternae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberation of energy = Mitochondria Synthesis of proteins = Ribosomes Transmission of heredity characters from parents to offspring = Chromosomes Initiation of cell division = Centrosome Hydrolytic in function = Lysosomes Entry of only certain substances into and out of the cell = Plasma membrane/cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrosomes occur in animal cells. (B), Genes are located in chromosomes. (D), Plant cells contain large vacuoles. (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>23 pairs of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuoles = Covered by tonoplast Nucleolus = Forms RNA Lysosomes = Intracellular digestion Anthocyanin = Dissolved in the cytoplasm Cristae = Respiratory enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leucoplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA - Ribonucleic acid ATP - Adenosine triphosphate SER - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum RER - Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petals of sunflower - Chromoplast Ripe tomato - Anthocyanin Skin of green mango - Chlorophyll Cells of potato - No pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell organelles are specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions. Cell inclusions are non-living substances found in the cytoplasm, such as nutrients, pigments, or waste products. Cytosol is the gel-like substance that fills the cytoplasm and surrounds the cell's organelles. Cell sap is the watery solution found within vacuoles, which are fluid-filled sacs that store water, nutrients, and waste products. Cytoplasm is the entire region of the cell that is enclosed between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. It contains the cytosol along with all the cell's organelles and inclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrosome - Near the nucleus (only in animal cells) Chromosome - Inside the nucleus Genes - On chromosomes Mesosome - In the plasma membrane of bacterial cells Plasmid - In the cytoplasm of bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cells have three features not found in animal cells - cell wall, large vacuoles, and plastids. Animal cells have a centrosome, which is not found in plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are generally small in size to maximize their surface area to volume ratio. This ensures efficient exchange of nutrients and waste products between the cell and its environment. As cells grow larger, their surface area to volume ratio decreases, making it more difficult for them to transport substances quickly enough for survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protoplasm, the living substance of the cell, contains complex organic molecules and living organelles. These components can be easily broken down or altered by chemical analysis, making it difficult to accurately determine the precise chemical composition of the protoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cells of an elephant and a rat are likely to be similar in size. Cell size is not directly related to the size of the organism. The difference in size between an elephant and a rat is due to the number of cells, not the size of individual cells. A larger organism like an elephant will simply have more cells than a smaller organism like a rat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell theory states that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells, that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms, and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. It was propounded by Schleiden and Schwann in 1838 and 1839, and further developed by Rudolf Virchow in 1858.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protoplasm is the living matter of the cell. It encompasses both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles, excluding the nucleus. So, protoplasm includes both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, while cytoplasm is just one component of protoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleolus is a dense, spherical structure found inside the nucleus. It is responsible for making ribosomal RNA, a key component of ribosomes. The nucleus, on the other hand, is the control center of the cell and contains the cell's DNA, which is organized into chromosomes. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which regulates the movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A centrosome is a structure found in animal cells that is involved in cell division, specifically the formation of spindle fibers. It contains two centrioles. A chromosome, on the other hand, is a condensed structure of DNA that becomes visible during cell division. Chromosomes carry the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next. Centrosomes help to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both cell walls and cell membranes are important structures that enclose the cell, but they have different functions and compositions. A cell wall is a rigid, non-living layer found outside the cell membrane of plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists. The cell wall provides structural support and protection. Cell membranes are found in all cells, including plant cells, and are made of a thin, flexible layer of phospholipids and proteins. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, helping to maintain the cell's internal environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cells and animal cells share many features but also have some distinct differences: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection. Animal cells lack a cell wall. Plant cells typically have a large central vacuole, which stores water and other substances. Animal cells may have smaller vacuoles. Plant cells contain plastids, such as chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. Animal cells lack plastids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotes are simple cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They have smaller ribosomes and their DNA is located in a region called the nucleoid. Eukaryotes are more complex cells that have a well-defined nucleus, which contains the cell's DNA. Eukaryotes also have various other membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. They have larger ribosomes than prokaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane: Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining the cell's internal environment. Ribosome: Synthesizes proteins, which are essential for cellular structure and function. Lysosome: Breaks down cellular waste products, old organelles, and materials that have been taken into the cell. Mitochondria: Produce ATP, the main source of energy for cellular processes, through cellular respiration. Golgi apparatus: Processes and packages proteins and other molecules before they are secreted from the cell. Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. It is the site of many metabolic reactions and processes. Asters of centrosome: Help to organize spindle fibers during cell division. Chromosomes: Carry the genetic instructions that are passed from one generation to the next. Glycogen granule: Stores glucose, a primary energy source for the cell. Vacuoles: Store water, nutrients, and waste products. They also help regulate the cell's internal environment and maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A living cell is non-rigid and flexible, while a brick is rigid. A living cell contains cellulose, a complex carbohydrate, as a major structural component. A brick does not contain cellulose. A living cell is functional and performs many essential life processes, while a brick is a non-living, inert object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both plant and animal cells share these six features: Cell membrane, Golgi body, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, and a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell B is the plant cell. The presence of a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and the nucleus being pushed to the periphery by the vacuole are all characteristics of plant cells and not animal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both cells share the following structures: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi body.</p> Signup and view all the answers