Biology Photosynthesis and Respiration Quiz

Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• Inputs: Carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), light energy
• Outputs: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), oxygen (O₂)
• Location: Chloroplasts (specifically thylakoids for light-dependent reactions and stroma for the Calvin cycle)

Cellular Respiration

• Cellular respiration equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
• Inputs: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), oxygen (O₂)
• Outputs: Carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), ATP (energy)
• Location: Mitochondria (glycolysis in the cytoplasm, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain in the mitochondria)

Photosynthesis and Respiration Components

• Light-dependent reactions: Occur in thylakoids; produce ATP and NADPH; water is split to release oxygen
• Calvin cycle: Occurs in stroma; uses ATP and NADPH to build glucose from CO₂
• Glycolysis: Occurs in cytoplasm; breaks down glucose to produce 2 pyruvic acid molecules and a small amount of ATP
• Krebs cycle (Citric acid cycle): Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix; pyruvic acid is further broken down, releasing CO₂ and producing ATP, NADH, and FADH₂.
• Electron transport chain: Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane; electrons from NADH and FADH₂ are passed along a chain, producing a large amount of ATP through chemiosmosis

Organelles

• Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis; contains thylakoids (light reactions) and stroma (Calvin cycle)
• Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration; contains inner membrane, outer membrane, cristae, and matrix

Processes

• Electron transport chain (ETC): Series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons to ultimately produce ATP. It is part of both respiration and photosynthesis.
• Chemiosmosis: Movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, to produce ATP.

Additional Information

• ATP (adenosine triphosphate): Principal energy currency of the cell.
• NADPH: Energy carrier in photosynthesis.
• FADH2: Energy carrier in respiration.
• Pyruvic acid: End product of glycolysis.
• Glucose: Sugar, a major source of energy for cells.
• Oxygen (O2): Essential for cellular respiration.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2): Essential for photosynthesis.

Test your knowledge on the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. This quiz covers the equations, inputs, outputs, and specific locations within cells for these critical biological processes. Enhance your understanding of how energy is transformed in living organisms.