Biology Photosynthesis and Indicators
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Questions and Answers

What color is Bromothymol Blue (BTB) when carbon dioxide is present?

  • Blue
  • Green (correct)
  • Purple
  • Yellow (correct)

    • What are the overall products of photosynthesis?

    Oxygen and glucose

    Which of the following are products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Oxygen (correct)
  • Water
  • NADPH (correct)
  • ATP (correct)
  • Sunlight

    • Which of the following are reactants of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>6CO2 + 6H2O -&gt; C6H12O6 + 6O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT part of the structure of a chloroplast?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosystem II comes before photosystem I in the electron transport chain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis?

    <p>ATP synthase converts ADP and hydrogen ions into ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the plant structures: cuticle, upper and lower epidermis, veins, stomata, and guard cells, contribute to the plant's ability to survive?

    <p>These structures protect the plant cells, transport water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, and regulate the exchange of gases between the plant and its environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a calorimeter?

    <p>To measure the amount of heat released or absorbed in a system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is burning food analogous to the way our bodies extract energy from food?

    <p>Both burning food and cellular respiration break down chemical bonds to release energy that is used for cellular processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does measuring the change in water temperature relate to the caloric content of food?

    <p>The greater the change in water temperature, the higher the caloric content of the food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a product of cellular respiration?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is a product of the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    <p>The electron transport chain uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to power the proton pump, which generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation occurs in the presence of oxygen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of fermentation?

    <p>Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation is a more efficient process than cellular respiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What food products are produced by lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>Cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sourdough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are reverse reactions of each other.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bromothymol Blue (BTB)

    • BTB is a chemical indicator for carbon dioxide
    • Blue color indicates no CO2
    • Green color indicates some CO2
    • Yellow color indicates a lot of CO2

    Photosynthesis

    • Overall Reaction: Sunlight + CO2 + H2O → O2 + Glucose
    • Light-Dependent Reactions: Sunlight, ADP, NADP+, H2O → NADPH, ATP, O2
    • Light-Independent Reactions: NADPH, ATP, CO2 → NADP+, ADP, Glucose
    • Chloroplast Structure: Outer and inner membranes, thylakoid membranes, grana (stacks of thylakoids), stroma (space between grana)
    • Photosystem II: Absorbs sunlight, generates high-energy electrons
    • Photosystem I: Reactivates electrons from Photosystem II
    • Electron Transport Chain: Electrons move from Photosystem II to Photosystem I, releasing energy to pump hydrogen ions into inner thylakoid space.
    • ATP Synthase: Converts hydrogen ions into ATP.

    Plant Structure

    • Chloroplast arrangement: Spread out to maximize sunlight exposure
    • Cuticle and epidermis: Protect plant cells
    • Veins: Transport sugars
    • Stomata: Primary transport of CO2, O2, water vapor
    • Guard Cells: Regulate gas/molecule exchange (stomata opening and closing)

    Calorie Lab

    • Calorimeter: Measures heat exchange, minimizes energy loss
    • Burning food: Breaks chemical bonds, releases energy
    • Calories and water temperature: One calorie raises one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

    Cellular Respiration

    • Overall Reaction: Glucose + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
    • Glycolysis: Occurs in the cytoplasm, Glucose → 2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP, NAD+ → NADH, ADP (?)
    • Krebs Cycle: Occurs in mitochondria, Pyruvic acid → ATP, CO2, NADH, FADH2
    • Electron Transport Chain: Occurs in inner mitochondrial membrane, NADH, FADH2, O2 → ATP, H2O, FAD, NAD+
    • ATP Synthase: Converts hydrogen ions into ATP, ADP → ATP.
    • Advantages over fermentation: Higher ATP yield, neutral byproducts
    • Disadvantages of cellular respiration: Requires oxygen, slower process

    Fermentation

    • Occurs: Absence of oxygen
    • Purpose: Allows glycolysis to continue
    • Advantages: Continues energy production without oxygen
    • Disadvantages: Lower ATP yield, byproducts

    Connecting Cycles

    • Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes
    • Plants and animals both do cellular respiration
    • Plants do photosynthesis
    • Reactions occur in reverse order

    Additional Information

    • Products of alcoholic fermentation: Ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide
    • Lactic acid fermentation: Produces lactic acid, common in muscle cells
    • Uses of fermentation by microbes: Cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut, kimchi, sourdough

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to photosynthesis, including the structure of chloroplasts and the chemical indicators for carbon dioxide. Explore how plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen, and understand the role of Bromothymol Blue as an indicator of CO2 levels. Test your knowledge on plant structure and photosystems.

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