Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the study of life?
What is the study of life?
- Ecology
- Chemistry
- Biology (correct)
- Physics
What part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air?
What part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air?
biosphere
Define ecosystem.
Define ecosystem.
A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment.
What is a community in ecology?
What is a community in ecology?
What does population refer to in biology?
What does population refer to in biology?
What is an organism?
What is an organism?
What is an organ system?
What is an organ system?
Define organs.
Define organs.
What is tissue?
What is tissue?
What are cells?
What are cells?
What are organelles?
What are organelles?
What is a molecule?
What is a molecule?
Who are producers in an ecosystem?
Who are producers in an ecosystem?
Define consumers.
Define consumers.
What is systems biology?
What is systems biology?
What is a prokaryotic cell?
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Define eukaryotic cell.
Define eukaryotic cell.
What are genes?
What are genes?
What is a species?
What is a species?
What are domains in biology?
What are domains in biology?
Define bacteria.
Define bacteria.
What is Archea?
What is Archea?
What is evolution?
What is evolution?
What is natural selection?
What is natural selection?
What is meant by individual variation?
What is meant by individual variation?
What does overproduction of offspring refer to?
What does overproduction of offspring refer to?
Define unequal reproductive success.
Define unequal reproductive success.
What is systematics?
What is systematics?
What is taxonomy?
What is taxonomy?
Who is Carlos Linnaeus?
Who is Carlos Linnaeus?
What is binomial nomenclature?
What is binomial nomenclature?
What are emergent properties?
What are emergent properties?
What is Eukarya?
What is Eukarya?
Define hypothesis.
Define hypothesis.
What is a scientific theory?
What is a scientific theory?
What is a controlled experiment?
What is a controlled experiment?
What is technology in biology?
What is technology in biology?
Who is Charles Darwin?
Who is Charles Darwin?
What is matter?
What is matter?
Define element.
Define element.
What is a compound?
What is a compound?
What is an atom?
What is an atom?
Define proton.
Define proton.
What is an electron?
What is an electron?
Define neutron.
Define neutron.
What is atomic number?
What is atomic number?
What is mass number?
What is mass number?
Define atomic mass.
Define atomic mass.
What is an isotope?
What is an isotope?
What is a radioactive isotope?
What is a radioactive isotope?
Define electron shells.
Define electron shells.
What are chemical bonds?
What are chemical bonds?
Define ionic bond.
Define ionic bond.
What is salt in chemistry?
What is salt in chemistry?
Define covalent bond.
Define covalent bond.
What is electronegativity?
What is electronegativity?
Define cohesion.
Define cohesion.
What is adhesion?
What is adhesion?
What is surface tension?
What is surface tension?
Define heat in biological terms.
Define heat in biological terms.
What is temperature?
What is temperature?
What is a solution?
What is a solution?
Define solvent.
Define solvent.
What is a solute?
What is a solute?
What is an acid?
What is an acid?
Define base.
Define base.
What are buffers?
What are buffers?
Define chemical reaction.
Define chemical reaction.
What are reactants?
What are reactants?
What is a product in chemistry?
What is a product in chemistry?
What are organic compounds?
What are organic compounds?
Define hydrocarbons.
Define hydrocarbons.
What is a carbon skeleton?
What is a carbon skeleton?
What are functional groups?
What are functional groups?
Define isomers.
Define isomers.
What does hydrophilic mean?
What does hydrophilic mean?
Define hydrophobic.
Define hydrophobic.
What is a hydroxyl group?
What is a hydroxyl group?
What is a carbonyl group?
What is a carbonyl group?
Define carboxyl group.
Define carboxyl group.
What are carboxylic acids?
What are carboxylic acids?
What is an amino group?
What is an amino group?
Define amines.
Define amines.
What is a phosphate group?
What is a phosphate group?
Define methyl group.
Define methyl group.
What are macromolecules?
What are macromolecules?
What are polymers?
What are polymers?
What are monomers?
What are monomers?
What is a dehydration reaction?
What is a dehydration reaction?
Define hydrolysis.
Define hydrolysis.
What is a carbohydrate?
What is a carbohydrate?
What are monosaccharides?
What are monosaccharides?
Define disaccharides.
Define disaccharides.
What are polysaccharides?
What are polysaccharides?
What is starch?
What is starch?
Define glycogen.
Define glycogen.
What is cellulose?
What is cellulose?
Define chitin.
Define chitin.
What are lipids?
What are lipids?
Define fat.
Define fat.
Study Notes
Fundamental Concepts of Biology
- Biology: The study of life, encompassing the various forms and processes of living organisms.
- Biosphere: The global sum of ecosystems, integrating land, water, and atmosphere, where life exists.
Ecology and Organism Interaction
- Ecosystem: An intricate system where communities of organisms interact with their physical environments.
- Community: A group of interdependent organisms living in the same area, interacting with one another.
- Population: A group of organisms of the same species residing in a designated area.
- Organism: Any living entity, ranging from unicellular bacteria to complex multicellular beings.
Biological Hierarchy
- Organ System: Groups of organs that collaborate to perform specific functions in the body.
- Organs: Structures formed by a collection of tissues that work together for similar functions.
- Tissue: A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.
- Cells: The basic unit of life, consisting of membrane-bound organelles.
- Organelles: Specialized structures within cells that perform distinct functions.
- Molecule: Composed of clusters of atoms held by chemical bonds.
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
- Producers: Organisms that synthesize their own food (e.g., plants through photosynthesis).
- Consumers: Organisms that derive energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms.
Concepts in Evolution and Taxonomy
- Systems Biology: Approaches that model interactions within biological systems.
- Prokaryotic Cell: Simple cells lacking a nucleus, typically smaller and structurally less complex.
- Eukaryotic Cell: More complex cells featuring a nucleus and various organelles.
Genetics and Species Diversity
- Genes: Units of heredity that convey information from parents to their offspring.
- Species: A distinct type of organism capable of interbreeding.
- Domain: The highest taxonomic category, encompassing the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
Evolutionary Principles
- Evolution: The historical development of species and their adaptations over time.
- Natural Selection: The process driving evolution, favoring organisms best suited to their environment.
- Individual Variation: The genetic differences among individuals within a population affecting survival and reproduction.
- Overproduction of Offspring: The concept explaining that not all offspring will survive to adulthood.
- Unequal Reproductive Success: Recognition that some individuals produce more viable offspring than others.
Taxonomy and Classification
- Systematics: The scientific discipline focused on classifying living organisms and understanding their relationships.
- Taxonomy: The systematic arrangement of organisms based on structural, functional, and evolutionary characteristics.
- Carolus Linnaeus: The 'father of taxonomy' who developed binomial nomenclature for naming species.
Hierarchical Complexity and Emergence
- Emergent Properties: New attributes that develop at each level of biological complexity that do not exist at lower levels.
Scientific Methodology
- Hypothesis: A proposed explanation for observed phenomena.
- Theory: A well-supported explanation based on extensive evidence.
- Controlled Experiment: Research where only one variable is altered while others remain constant.
Fundamental Chemistry in Biology
- Matter: Substances occupying space and possessing mass.
- Element: Fundamental substances that cannot be parsed into simpler substances.
- Compound: Forms when two or more different elements are chemically combined in fixed ratios.
- Atom: The smallest unit of an element retaining its properties.
Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Proton, Neutron, Electron: Subatomic particles with positive, neutral, and negative charges, respectively.
- Atomic Number: Counts the protons in an atom's nucleus.
- Mass Number: The total of protons and neutrons in an atom.
- Isotope: Variants of elements differing in neutron numbers.
- Radioactive Isotope: Isotopes that decay, emitting radiation over time.
Chemical Bonds and Molecular Interactions
- Chemical Bonds: Forces holding atoms together, vital for compound formation.
- Ionic Bond: Formed through electron transfer between atoms, resulting in positively and negatively charged ions.
- Covalent Bond: Involves shared electrons between atoms.
- Electronegativity: An atom’s affinity for shared electrons, dictating bond type.
Properties of Water
- Cohesion and Adhesion: Water molecules’ tendency to stick to themselves and other substances, contributing to surface tension.
- Heat and Temperature: Heat represents energy from atomic movement, while temperature measures molecular motion.
Solutions and Acidity
- Solution: A homogeneous mixture of substances where molecules are evenly distributed.
- Solvent and Solute: The solvent dissolves the solute, which is the substance being dissolved.
- Acid and Base: Acids donate H⁺ ions in solutions, while bases accept them.
- Buffers: Compounds that stabilize pH levels in biological systems.
Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules
- Organic Compounds: Contain carbon and are fundamental for biological systems.
- Hydrocarbons: Compounds consisting solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
- Macromolecules and Polymers: Large molecules made of smaller units (monomers) connected through chemical reactions.
- Dehydration Reaction: A process where two molecules combine with water removal; hydrolysis is the reverse, adding water to split molecules.
Carbohydrates and Energy Storage
- Carbohydrates: Organic compounds for energy storage and release, existing as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose: Types of polysaccharides used for energy storage and structural integrity in organisms.
Structural Polysaccharides
- Chitin: A structural polysaccharide found in fungi and arthropod exoskeletons.
Lipids and Fats
- Lipids: Nonpolar molecules essential for cell structure and energy storage, including fats composed of glycerol and fatty acids.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential biological terms with these flashcards covering Chapters 1-7 from Pearson's biology curriculum. Each card provides a definition to help you understand key concepts including ecosystems, communities, and the biosphere. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning and prepare for exams.