Biology Part 1 - Chapter 6 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

The ______________ classification scheme uses anatomical and genetic evidence to determine ancestor-descendent relationships.

Cladistic

Identify the nonhuman primate skeletal characteristics.

chimpanzee, lemur

What is one trait that tells you these are apes and not monkeys?

There is no tail.

Match the family or subfamily with the appropriate superfamily - Hominoidea is associated with:

Ponginae, Gorillinae Signup and view all the answers

Match the following traits with the appropriate organism:

Ape = Arms longer than legs Human = Legs longer than arms Signup and view all the answers

Identify the ways in which anthropologists work to protect endangered primates.

Introduce primates raised in captivity into new environments in the wild, study primates in their natural environments, work with local communities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following developments are responsible for primates' enhanced sense of touch?

Fingernails and toenails Signup and view all the answers

Which part of this dentition is the 'honing complex'?

canines Signup and view all the answers

Complete the following sentence: The skull shown here likely belongs to a(n) _________________.

orangutan Signup and view all the answers

Identify the continent where nonhuman primates do not naturally live today.

Australia Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about primates regarding the positive relationship between body mass and brain mass?

Humans have a much higher brain size than expected for their body size. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are true regarding humans and their taxonomic classifications?

Humans are haplorrhines. Signup and view all the answers

Drag each group of primates to where they are distributed on the map today.

Old World Monkeys = Africa and Asia, includes black-and-white colobus and proboscis monkeys. New World Monkeys = North and South America, includes prehensile tails atelines and spider monkeys. Prosimians = Regions of Africa and Asia. Signup and view all the answers

Place in order the following primate species based on their number of derived characteristics from low to high.

lemurs, tarsiers, old world monkeys, apes, humans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits are retained exclusively by strepsirrhines?

Specialized diet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are reasons why primates should be studied?

The study of primates assists in the preservation of their species in the wild. Signup and view all the answers

Drag the primate taxa to the appropriate column:

Strepsirrhini = Slow Loris, aye-aye Haplorrhini = Tarsius, Orangutans, Olive Baboon Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cladistics and Primate Classification

Cladistic classification utilizes anatomical and genetic evidence to establish ancestor-descendant relationships among species.
Nonhuman primates exhibit skeletal structures both similar to and distinct from humans, including species like chimpanzees and lemurs.

Apes vs Monkeys

A distinguishing trait between apes and monkeys is the absence of a tail in apes.
Notable skeletal features differ between apes and humans, with apes having an angled foramen magnum and longer arms.

Primate Families and Superfamilies

Hominoidea superfamily includes Ponginae and Gorillinae while Cercopithecinae, Colobinae belong to Old World monkeys.
The primate taxonomy reflects evolutionary relationships based on shared characteristics.

Conservation Efforts

Nearly half of the 600 primate taxa are endangered primarily due to human actions, necessitating intervention.
Anthropologists protect endangered species through habitat introduction, community collaboration, and studying primates in their natural environments.

Enhanced Sense of Touch

Enhanced tactile perception in primates is attributed to dermal ridges and the presence of fingernails and toenails.
Opposable thumbs and digit count do not directly contribute to improved touch.

Primate Dentition

The canine teeth represent the "honing complex" for certain primates.
Different primates are categorized by their dental formulas, with humans, macaques, and chimpanzees all sharing 2.1.2.3.

Global Distribution of Primates

New World monkeys are found in the Americas while prosimians inhabit regions in Africa and Asia.
Australia does not support native populations of nonhuman primates.

Brain and Body Mass Correlation

Humans possess a higher brain size than what is expected for their body mass, differentiating them from other primates.
Some primate species, particularly strepsirrhines, show lower brain mass relative to body size.

Defining Primate Traits

Key traits defining primates include significant parental investment, arboreal adaptation, and dietary flexibility.
Primitive traits retained by strepsirrhines include a rhinarium and specialized diets, while traits like forward-facing eyes are not retained.

Benefits of Studying Primates

Research on primates aids in species conservation, advances in medicine, understanding human origins, and provides insights into human behavior, including social conflicts.

Primate Taxa Classification

Strepsirrhini includes species like the Slow Loris and aye-aye, while Haplorrhini encompasses tarsius, orangutans, and olive baboons.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Chapter 6 with these flashcards covering classifications, nonhuman primate skeletal structures, and more. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of biological relationships and characteristics.