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Questions and Answers
What type of bacteria are rod-shaped?
What type of bacteria are rod-shaped?
What type of Protists perform photosynthesis?
What type of Protists perform photosynthesis?
What is the cell wall of a Fungus made of?
What is the cell wall of a Fungus made of?
What structure do Euglena use to move?
What structure do Euglena use to move?
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What is a mutualistic relationship between a Plant's roots and a Fungus called?
What is a mutualistic relationship between a Plant's roots and a Fungus called?
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Which type of reproduction requires two parents?
Which type of reproduction requires two parents?
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What is the term for maintaining a stable body temperature?
What is the term for maintaining a stable body temperature?
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What type of macromolecule are enzymes considered to be?
What type of macromolecule are enzymes considered to be?
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What type of carbohydrate is made of more than one monomer?
What type of carbohydrate is made of more than one monomer?
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How many layers of lipids make up the cell membrane?
How many layers of lipids make up the cell membrane?
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What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
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Which molecule is directly responsible for providing energy for cellular processes?
Which molecule is directly responsible for providing energy for cellular processes?
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What type of reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent?
What type of reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent?
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What process does a unicellular organism use to reproduce?
What process does a unicellular organism use to reproduce?
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What is the smallest unit of life?
What is the smallest unit of life?
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What organelle is responsible for converting a nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence?
What organelle is responsible for converting a nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence?
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What cell structure controls the cell's activities in eukaryotes?
What cell structure controls the cell's activities in eukaryotes?
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What organelle helps with plant cell shape by providing turgor pressure?
What organelle helps with plant cell shape by providing turgor pressure?
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What organelle breaks down toxic materials in a cell?
What organelle breaks down toxic materials in a cell?
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What is stored in vacuoles?
What is stored in vacuoles?
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What is the location of the DNA for a prokaryote called?
What is the location of the DNA for a prokaryote called?
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Where does cellular respiration take place in a cell?
Where does cellular respiration take place in a cell?
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Where is prokaryotic DNA located?
Where is prokaryotic DNA located?
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What term describes the process when faster mice can outrun predator cats?
What term describes the process when faster mice can outrun predator cats?
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What type of selection created the darker coloration of peppered moths during the Industrial Revolution?
What type of selection created the darker coloration of peppered moths during the Industrial Revolution?
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What do scientists call random changes in an organism's genetic sequence?
What do scientists call random changes in an organism's genetic sequence?
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What is the result of excessive use of antibiotics on bacteria?
What is the result of excessive use of antibiotics on bacteria?
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What term is used to describe the creation of new species?
What term is used to describe the creation of new species?
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What type of selection is demonstrated when individuals with thicker beaks survive to eat hard-shelled nuts?
What type of selection is demonstrated when individuals with thicker beaks survive to eat hard-shelled nuts?
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In which Kingdom do molds belong?
In which Kingdom do molds belong?
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What term describes organisms that get energy from dead or decaying matter?
What term describes organisms that get energy from dead or decaying matter?
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If scientists are studying fish, birds, crabs, and alligators, but not the water or rocks, what level of organization are they studying?
If scientists are studying fish, birds, crabs, and alligators, but not the water or rocks, what level of organization are they studying?
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What do the arrows in a food web represent?
What do the arrows in a food web represent?
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Which of the following is a biotic factor?
Which of the following is a biotic factor?
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What is the process of converting sunlight into stored energy called?
What is the process of converting sunlight into stored energy called?
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What is the largest number of organisms an environment can support called?
What is the largest number of organisms an environment can support called?
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Which of the following best describes producers in an ecosystem?
Which of the following best describes producers in an ecosystem?
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What type of relationship occurs when one species benefits and the other is harmed?
What type of relationship occurs when one species benefits and the other is harmed?
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What relationship does a predator have with its prey?
What relationship does a predator have with its prey?
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What type of nucleic acid can be found in a virus?
What type of nucleic acid can be found in a virus?
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What occurs just before virus replication during the Lysogenic cycle?
What occurs just before virus replication during the Lysogenic cycle?
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Which macromolecule is the outer covering of a virus made of?
Which macromolecule is the outer covering of a virus made of?
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What is a microscopic particle that gets inside a cell and often destroys the cell?
What is a microscopic particle that gets inside a cell and often destroys the cell?
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Why do you need a new flu shot every year?
Why do you need a new flu shot every year?
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What type of bacteria live in very hot water?
What type of bacteria live in very hot water?
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Study Notes
Living Things
- Bacteria reproduce asexually.
- Most animals reproduce sexually.
- Asexual reproduction requires one parent.
- Sexual reproduction requires two parents.
- Maintaining a stable body temperature is homeostasis.
- A stimulus is a change that causes a response.
- Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
- Sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring.
Macromolecules
- Cell membranes are composed of two layers of lipids.
- Lipids have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
- Lipids include fats and oils.
- Macromolecules are made of smaller molecules.
- Macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
- Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monomers.
- Monomers of lipids are fatty acids and glycerol.
- The cell membrane is made of lipids.
- Another term for macromolecule is polymer.
- Monomer of carbohydrates is a monosaccharide.
- Monomer of nucleic acids is a nucleotide.
- Monomer of proteins is an amino acid.
- Cellular processes use energy from molecules.
- Animals store energy as glycogen.
- Plants store energy as starch.
- DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
- Enzymes are proteins.
- Hormones are proteins.
- Waxes are lipids.
- Hemoglobin is a protein.
- Cell walls are made of carbohydrates.
- Cell membranes are made of lipids.
- Macromolecules are used for short-term and long-term energy storage.
- Macromolecules carry information (DNA).
- Molecules speed up chemical reactions (enzymes).
Cells
- Cell division is a means of asexual reproduction.
- Bacterial and plant/fungal cell walls are different.
- Small cells have a large surface area-to-volume ratio.
- DNA encodes for protein production.
- Membrane bubbles that carry proteins are vesicles.
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that controls activities.
Other
- Chemical processes occur in mitochondria.
- Multicellular organisms are made of many cells.
- Unicellular organisms are made of one cell.
- Vacuoles store substances.
- Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
- Prokaryotic DNA is located in the cytoplasm.
- The smallest unit of life is a cell.
- Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism.
- Cytoplasm is the water-based part of the cell.
- Ribosomes are part of protein synthesis.
- Ribosomes are sometimes attached to endoplasmic reticulum.
- Organelles break down harmful substances.
- Organelles convert nucleotide sequences to amino acid sequences.
- Liver cells process toxins.
- Muscle cells produce ATP (energy).
- Plant cell shape is maintained by turgor pressure.
- Animal cells only contain certain organelles.
- The mitochondrion makes ATP.
- Ribosomes make proteins.
- Chloroplasts make sugars.
- The Golgi apparatus modifies and ships proteins.
- Animal cells contain vacuoles to store water.
- Plant cells have a cell wall, which animal cells lack.
- Chlorophyll is a pigment required for photosynthesis.
- Unicellular organisms use binary fission to reproduce.
- Structures in the cell maintain shape, support, and movement.
- The cell membrane has selective permeability.
- Cell theory defines living things.
- Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
- Fungi are eukaryotic cells.
- Protists are eukaryotic cells.
- Plant cells possess a central vacuole.
- Animal cells contain lysosomes.
- Lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
- Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
- Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts.
- Eukaryotic DNA is stored in the nucleus.
- Prokaryotic DNA is located in the nucleoid region.
- The nucleolus is inside the nucleus.
- The study guide contains a plant cell diagram labeled for review.
Evolution
- Homologous structures and vestigial structures are evidence of evolution.
- Whales’ hip bones are vestigial structures.
- Evolution occurs via genetic changes.
- Traits that increase survival are adaptive traits.
- Natural selection is the change in a population's genetic makeup over time.
- The transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring is heredity.
- Sexual selection describes the bright colors of male birds.
- Artificial selection is caused by humans.
- Natural selection is faster than artificial selection.
- Lamarck proposed inheritance of acquired traits.
- Darwin traveled on the HMS Beagle.
Classification
- Organisms are classified into domains and kingdoms.
- Organisms within the same kingdom should also be in the same order.
- Scientists use a hierarchical system to classify living things.
Ecology
- Consumers obtain energy from other organisms.
- Producers create their own energy.
- Biotic factors affect living things.
- Abiotic factors affect non-living things.
- Food chains show energy flow.
- The highest number of organisms an environment can support is its carrying capacity.
- Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Viruses
- Viruses need a host cell to reproduce.
- Viruses insert their genetic material into host cells.
- The lytic and lysogenic cycles are methods of viral reproduction.
Bacteria
- Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes.
- Some bacteria use chemicals for energy.
- Bacteria exist in many environments and can survive in various conditions.
- Binary fission is bacterial cell division.
Protists
- Protists are mostly single-celled eukaryotic organisms.
- There are three main types of protists (animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like).
- Protists use cilia, flagella, and pseudopods for movement.
Fungi
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are either single-celled or multicelled.
- Fungi form partnerships (mycorrhizae) with plant roots.
- Fungi reproduce using spores.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in biology related to living organisms and macromolecules. You'll explore the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction, as well as the structure and function of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of these essential topics!
