40 Questions
What is the primary function of the muscular tissue in the stomach?
Contracting the walls of the stomach
What is the main function of roots in plants?
Procuring water and minerals
What is the term for a structure formed by different tissues with related functions?
Organ
What is the significance of organ formation?
It leads to an efficient accomplishment of functions
What is the function of leaves in plants?
Manufacturing food
What is the level of organization that is less defined in plants compared to animals?
Organ level
What is the function of the secretory epithelium in the stomach?
Secretion of gastric juice
What is the function of shoots in plants?
Supporting the entire plant
What is the estimated total number of species on Earth?
Between 5 and 30 million
What is the primary method of biological sciences?
Experimental inquiry
What is the main difference between quantitative and qualitative observations?
Quantitative observations have accuracy due to measurable variables
What is the purpose of deductive reasoning in formulating a hypothesis?
To draw specific conclusions from general principles
What is a phyletic lineage?
An unbroken series of species arranged in ancestor to descendant sequence
Why do we lack a complete record of the history of life on Earth?
Because many soft-bodied organisms of the past had not left their preserved record as fossils
What is the role of the five senses in observation?
They are used to make observations depending on their functional ability
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in scientific inquiry?
To provide a tentative explanation of observations
What is the fundamental element of organic compounds?
Carbon
What is the primary function of the immune system in response to exposure to the small pox virus?
To develop immunity against cowpox virus
What is the primary mode of transmission of HIV?
Through sexual contact, blood transfusion, or contaminated syringes
What is the term for the collective chemical reactions within a cell?
Metabolism
What type of reactions require energy?
Anabolic reactions
What is the definition of a hypothesis?
A educated guess that explains a phenomenon
What is the purpose of catabolic reactions?
To release energy
What is the primary difference between a law and a theory in biology?
A law is a general principle, while a theory is a specific explanation
What is the outcome of anabolic and catabolic reactions in living cells?
The reuse of broken down molecules
What is the primary function of deductive reasoning in biological problem-solving?
To draw conclusions from specific data
What type of bonds result from atoms sharing electrons to complete their electron shells?
Covalent bonds
What is the primary focus of the branch of biology known as biotechnology?
The application of biological principles to develop new products and technologies
What is the primary role of the study of biology in the welfare of mankind?
To improve human health and quality of life
What is the significance of carbon's unique properties?
It allows carbon to occupy the central position in the skeleton of life
What is the result of the continuous interconversions of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in living cells?
The coordination of catabolic and anabolic activities
What is the primary focus of the branch of biology known as molecular biology?
The study of the structure and function of biomolecules
What is the primary consequence of injecting industrial waste into the environment?
Irreparable loss to biocomponents of the ecosystem
Which of the following heavy metals is released from automobiles?
Lead
What is bioremediation, according to the passage?
The removal or degradation of environmental pollutants by living organisms
Which organism has been found to reduce pollution of heavy metals through bioabsorption?
Algae
What is the main reason for the decline of life in freshwater in Pakistan?
Pollution from city sewage and industrial wastes
What is the primary impact of automobile exhaust on the environment?
Enormous addition of lead into the atmosphere
Which group of organisms is most affected by environmental pollution in Pakistan?
Fish
What is the primary goal of biologists in addressing environmental pollution?
To set the environment right wherever it has deteriorated
Study Notes
Organ and System
- Organs are specialized structures that perform specific functions, such as the stomach, which digests food, secretes gastric juice, and contracts to mix food with enzymes.
- Organs are part of organ systems, which carry out specific processes or phenomena.
Cell Organelles
- Cell organelles are specialized for contraction, secretion, conducting water, and translocating sugar and proteins.
Biological Method
- Science is a systematized knowledge that involves experimental inquiry, beginning with chance observation.
- Observations can be qualitative or quantitative, with quantitative observations being more accurate.
- Hypotheses are tentative explanations of observations, formulated through deductive or inductive reasoning.
Hypothesis and Reasoning
- A hypothesis is a tentative explanation of observations, which can be formulated through deductive or inductive reasoning.
- Deductive reasoning moves from the general to the specific, drawing specific conclusions from general principles or assumptions.
- Inductive reasoning involves making general conclusions from specific observations.
Environmental Pollution
- Environmental pollution is a significant problem, with industrial waste and eluents containing toxic materials, posing threats to human health and the ecosystem.
- Bioremediation, which involves the removal or degradation of pollutants by living organisms, is being investigated as a solution.
Biology and Human Welfare
- Biology has helped attract attention to environmental pollution and has led to efforts to find solutions.
- Biologists are working to protect endangered species and develop ways to reduce pollution.
Biological Molecules
- Biochemistry is the study of chemical components and processes in living organisms.
- Biological molecules are constantly being broken down and rebuilt in cells, with anabolic and catabolic reactions working together to maintain life.
Importance of Carbon
- Carbon is the basic element of organic compounds, occupying a central position in the skeleton of life due to its unique properties.
Learn about organs and systems in biology, including their functions and structures. Discover how different tissues work together to achieve specific tasks.
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