Biology: Organs and Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the muscular tissue in the stomach?

Secretion of gastric juice

Contracting the walls of the stomach (correct)

Mixing food with enzymes

Digestion of food proteins

What is the main function of roots in plants?

Manufacturing food

Reproduction

Procuring water and minerals (correct)

Supporting the entire plant

What is the term for a structure formed by different tissues with related functions?

Tissue

Organ (correct)

Organ system

Cell

What is the significance of organ formation?

It leads to an efficient accomplishment of functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of leaves in plants?

Manufacturing food Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of organization that is less defined in plants compared to animals?

Organ level Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the secretory epithelium in the stomach?

Secretion of gastric juice Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of shoots in plants?

Supporting the entire plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated total number of species on Earth?

Between 5 and 30 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of biological sciences?

Experimental inquiry Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between quantitative and qualitative observations?

Quantitative observations have accuracy due to measurable variables Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of deductive reasoning in formulating a hypothesis?

To draw specific conclusions from general principles Signup and view all the answers

What is a phyletic lineage?

An unbroken series of species arranged in ancestor to descendant sequence Signup and view all the answers

Why do we lack a complete record of the history of life on Earth?

Because many soft-bodied organisms of the past had not left their preserved record as fossils Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the five senses in observation?

They are used to make observations depending on their functional ability Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a hypothesis in scientific inquiry?

To provide a tentative explanation of observations Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental element of organic compounds?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the immune system in response to exposure to the small pox virus?

To develop immunity against cowpox virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of HIV?

Through sexual contact, blood transfusion, or contaminated syringes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collective chemical reactions within a cell?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions require energy?

Anabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a hypothesis?

A educated guess that explains a phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of catabolic reactions?

To release energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a law and a theory in biology?

A law is a general principle, while a theory is a specific explanation Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of anabolic and catabolic reactions in living cells?

The reuse of broken down molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of deductive reasoning in biological problem-solving?

To draw conclusions from specific data Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds result from atoms sharing electrons to complete their electron shells?

Covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the branch of biology known as biotechnology?

The application of biological principles to develop new products and technologies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the study of biology in the welfare of mankind?

To improve human health and quality of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of carbon's unique properties?

It allows carbon to occupy the central position in the skeleton of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the continuous interconversions of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in living cells?

The coordination of catabolic and anabolic activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the branch of biology known as molecular biology?

The study of the structure and function of biomolecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of injecting industrial waste into the environment?

Irreparable loss to biocomponents of the ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following heavy metals is released from automobiles?

Lead Signup and view all the answers

What is bioremediation, according to the passage?

The removal or degradation of environmental pollutants by living organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which organism has been found to reduce pollution of heavy metals through bioabsorption?

Algae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the decline of life in freshwater in Pakistan?

Pollution from city sewage and industrial wastes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of automobile exhaust on the environment?

Enormous addition of lead into the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms is most affected by environmental pollution in Pakistan?

Fish Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of biologists in addressing environmental pollution?

To set the environment right wherever it has deteriorated Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organ and System

Organs are specialized structures that perform specific functions, such as the stomach, which digests food, secretes gastric juice, and contracts to mix food with enzymes.
Organs are part of organ systems, which carry out specific processes or phenomena.

Cell Organelles

Cell organelles are specialized for contraction, secretion, conducting water, and translocating sugar and proteins.

Biological Method

Science is a systematized knowledge that involves experimental inquiry, beginning with chance observation.
Observations can be qualitative or quantitative, with quantitative observations being more accurate.
Hypotheses are tentative explanations of observations, formulated through deductive or inductive reasoning.

Hypothesis and Reasoning

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation of observations, which can be formulated through deductive or inductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning moves from the general to the specific, drawing specific conclusions from general principles or assumptions.
Inductive reasoning involves making general conclusions from specific observations.

Environmental Pollution

Environmental pollution is a significant problem, with industrial waste and eluents containing toxic materials, posing threats to human health and the ecosystem.
Bioremediation, which involves the removal or degradation of pollutants by living organisms, is being investigated as a solution.

Biology and Human Welfare

Biology has helped attract attention to environmental pollution and has led to efforts to find solutions.
Biologists are working to protect endangered species and develop ways to reduce pollution.

Biological Molecules

Biochemistry is the study of chemical components and processes in living organisms.
Biological molecules are constantly being broken down and rebuilt in cells, with anabolic and catabolic reactions working together to maintain life.

Importance of Carbon

Carbon is the basic element of organic compounds, occupying a central position in the skeleton of life due to its unique properties.

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Description

Learn about organs and systems in biology, including their functions and structures. Discover how different tissues work together to achieve specific tasks.