Quiz 5 Multiple Choice

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using a GasPak system during bacterial inoculation?

To enhance colorimetric detection during testing

To sterilize the inoculating tools

To increase oxygen levels for anaerobic bacteria

To create an anaerobic environment for growth (correct)

Which of the following accurately describes biological vectors?

Insects that mechanically carry microbes on their body

Microorganisms that thrive in food and water sources

Organisms that harbor pathogens within their body and transmit them via bites (correct)

Pathogens that can be transmitted through food or water

What is the function of the secondary antibody in an ELISA test?

To capture the viral antigens in the well

To produce colormetric detection through enzymatic reaction (correct)

To detect color change indicating a positive reaction

To wash away non-bound reagents

What behavior of tetrazolium indicates a positive bacterial growth result?

Reduction resulting in a purple color Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to perform washing steps in an ELISA test?

To ensure accuracy by removing non-bound reagents Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended use of a turbidimeter in bacterial identification?

To estimate the concentration of bacteria in a suspension Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of the ELISA testing process?

Inoculate the microplate with a turbidimeter Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'negative control group' in an ELISA test?

It ensures no color change indicating no antibodies present Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes facultative pathogens?

They can grow with or without oxygen Signup and view all the answers

How long should a sample be incubated at 37 degrees Celsius during the ELISA process?

15 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fungi is incorrect?

Fungi are autotrophs that produce their own food. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between zygospores and conidiospores?

Zygospores are formed during sexual reproduction, whereas conidiospores are formed during asexual reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for opportunistic fungal infections?

They take advantage of weak or immunocompromised individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a blood agar plate in throat cultures?

To analyze hemolytic activity of bacteria present. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of obligate anaerobes?

They do not need oxygen for their growth. Signup and view all the answers

In urine cultures, what is significant bacteriuria?

100,000/ml of one type of organism. Signup and view all the answers

How do mold species such as Rhizopus stolonifer reproduce sexually?

By forming zygospores. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the GasPak System play in cultivating anaerobic pathogens?

It eliminates free air to create anaerobic conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature at which yeast typically grows best?

37 degrees Celsius. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fungi

Fungi are heterotrophs, meaning they require organic carbon for survival.
They are saprotrophs, decomposing dead organic matter.
They can form symbiotic relationships with other species, such as algae or bacteria.
Fungi are a food source and important for food production for humans and other organisms.
Their cell walls are composed of chitin.
They can be multicellular (molds) or unicellular (yeast).
Fungi have hyphae, long, branching cellular structures.
Hyphae can form an interwoven mass called mycelium.
Vegetative hyphae grow along the substrate.
Reproductive hyphae extend upwards to produce spores.
Fungi exhibit thermal dimorphism, meaning mold growth occurs at room temperature, while yeast forms at 37 degrees Celsius.
Some fungi are opportunistic pathogens, exploiting weak or immunocompromised individuals.

Types of Fungi

Zygomycetes: Form zygospores during sexual reproduction and sporangiospores during asexual reproduction. A common example is Rhizopus stolonifer.
Ascomycetes: Form ascospores during sexual reproduction and conidiospores during asexual reproduction. Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus niger are examples.
Basidiomycetes: Form basidiospores during sexual reproduction. They typically lack well-defined asexual reproduction.

Lab 11: Infectious Disease

Throat Cultures

Bacteria, like certain Streptococcus species, obtain iron from blood.
Blood agar plates, containing 5% sheep's blood, are used.
Alpha-hemolysis (partial breakdown of red blood cells): Greenish color.
Beta-hemolysis (complete breakdown of red blood cells): Clear zones.
Gamma-hemolysis (no breakdown): No color change.

Urine Cultures

Diagnose Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), most commonly caused by E. coli.
Uses Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and Blood agar (BA) plates.
Collecting a clean-catch urine sample is crucial.
Urine is sterile in the body. Contamination occurs upon leaving the body.
Significant bacteriuria occurs at a count of 100,000/mL of a single organism type.
UTIs arise due to the presence of bacteria from the intestinal tract, with the anus being proximal to the urethra.
Samples must be tested or refrigerated promptly to prevent bacterial growth.

Anaerobic Pathogens

Anaerobic pathogens do not require oxygen to grow.
Require GasPak System for anaerobic growth.

Vectors

Vectors are disease-causing organisms transmitted through various pathways.
Examples include food, water, respiratory droplets, and sexual contact.
Vectors can be biological (carrying microbes internally, e.g., malaria mosquitos) or mechanical (carrying microbes on their bodies, e.g., flies).

Lab 12: Immunology

ELISA Test

Used to detect antigens and antibodies.
Used in diagnoses like HIV, EBV, pregnancy tests, drug screening, and food allergies.
Uses a colorimetric method with a secondary antibody to indicate the presence of the targeted antigen or antibody.
Procedures include adding antigens, incubating, washing, adding test reagents, incubating and checking for colorimetric reaction.

Biolog System

Identifies bacteria based on metabolic properties.
Uses a 96-well microplate to test carbon sources (sugars, amino acids) and sensitivity to various conditions (antibiotics, salinity).
Positive metabolic tests exhibit purple color reactions due to reduced tetrazolium dye.
Procedures include swabbing bacteria, preparing cell suspension, using a turbidimeter, adding suspension to wells, incubating, and reading results.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of fungi, their characteristics, and their importance in ecosystems and food production. This quiz covers various types of fungi, their structures, and their roles as decomposers and symbionts. Test your knowledge on the unique traits that distinguish fungi from other organisms.