Questions and Answers
What is the term for a flower that can be divided into two radial halves on any radial plane?
What is the term for the arrangement of sepals or petals where one margin overlaps each other in one direction?
What is the name of the whorl that consists of petals in a flower?
What type of flower is one that contains both androecium and gynoecium?
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What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
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What is the term for the male reproductive organ in a flower?
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What is the term for the arrangement of petals or sepals?
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What is the term for a flower that cannot be divided into two equal halves?
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In which type of placenta, the ovules are attached to the inner wall of the ovary?
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What is the term for a stamen that is sterile?
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What is the term for the ovary when it is situated at the centre and all the other parts are located on the rim of the thalamus at the same level?
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What is the term for petals that are united?
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In which type of placenta, the ovules are located at the central axis and septa is absent?
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When the sepals touch each other at the margin but do not overlap, what type of aestivation is it?
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Study Notes
Flower Structure and Types
- A typical flower consists of four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
- Calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) are accessory organs; androecium (male reproductive) and gynoecium (female reproductive) are reproductive organs.
- Flowers with both androecium and gynoecium are bisexual; those with only one are unisexual.
Flower Symmetry
- Actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) flowers can be divided into two equal halves along multiple planes.
- Zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) flowers can be bisected into two equal parts only through a single plane.
- Asymmetrical flowers cannot be evenly divided.
Floral Appendages and Bracts
- Flowers may be trimerous (multiples of 3), tetramerous (multiples of 4), or pentamerous (multiples of 5).
- Bracteate flowers possess bracts; ebracteate flowers do not.
Ovary Positioning
- Hypogynous: Gynoecium is the highest part; ovary is superior.
- Perigynous: Ovary is at the center; other parts are at the same level, ovary is half inferior.
- Epigynous: Thalamus envelops the ovary; other parts are situated above, ovary is inferior.
Floral Parts
- Calyx: Protects the flower bud, typically green; can be gamosepalous (united) or polysepalous (free).
- Corolla: Brightly colored; can be gamopetalous (united petals) or polypetalous (free petals).
Aestivation Types
- Valvate: Margins of sepals or petals touch without overlapping.
- Twisted: Margins overlap in one direction.
- Imbricate: Overlapping occurs in both directions.
- Vexillary: In some flowers, the largest petal overlaps the lateral, which in turn overlaps the anterior petals.
Androecium (Male Reproductive Organ)
- Comprises stamens, consisting of filament and anther.
- Sterile stamens are known as staminodes.
- Anthers commonly bilobed with two pollen sacs each.
Gynoecium (Female Reproductive Organ)
- Made of carpels, including style, stigma, and ovary.
- Stigma receives pollen; ovary houses ovules.
Types of Placentation
- Marginal: Placenta along the ridge of the ovary with ovules attached.
- Axile: Ovules attached to a central axis in multilocular ovaries.
- Parietal: Ovules attached to the inner walls of the ovary.
- Free central: Ovules on a central axis with no septa.
- Basal: Placenta at the base of the ovary with a single ovule.
Monocotyledon
- A specific classification of flowering plants that typically have one cotyledon in the seed.
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Description
Learn about the structure and characteristics of flowers, including whorls, accessory organs, reproductive organs, and symmetry. Topics include calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
