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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the arrangement of sepals or petals where one margin overlaps each other in one direction?
What is the term for the arrangement of sepals or petals where one margin overlaps each other in one direction?
Which part of the stamen produces pollen?
Which part of the stamen produces pollen?
What is the function of the stigma in the female reproductive part of a flower?
What is the function of the stigma in the female reproductive part of a flower?
In which type of placenta does the ovule develop at the central axis of the ovary?
In which type of placenta does the ovule develop at the central axis of the ovary?
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What is the term for the male reproductive organ in a flower?
What is the term for the male reproductive organ in a flower?
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In vexillary arrangement, which petal overlaps the other two?
In vexillary arrangement, which petal overlaps the other two?
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What characterizes an actinomorphic flower?
What characterizes an actinomorphic flower?
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Which term refers to flowers that contain both androecium and gynoecium?
Which term refers to flowers that contain both androecium and gynoecium?
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In a perigynous flower, what is the position of the ovary?
In a perigynous flower, what is the position of the ovary?
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What does a flower being ebracteate signify?
What does a flower being ebracteate signify?
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Which of the following terms describes petals that are fused together?
Which of the following terms describes petals that are fused together?
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What defines a flower as asymmetrical?
What defines a flower as asymmetrical?
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What is the defining characteristic of a tetramerous flower?
What is the defining characteristic of a tetramerous flower?
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In which type of flower is the ovary described as superior?
In which type of flower is the ovary described as superior?
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Study Notes
Flower Structure
- Typical flowers feature four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
- Calyx and corolla are accessory organs; androecium and gynoecium are reproductive organs.
Flower Types
- Bisexual Flowers: Contain both androecium and gynoecium.
- Unisexual Flowers: Contain either androecium or gynoecium.
Symmetry Types
- Actinomorphic (Radial Symmetry): Can be divided into two equal halves through any plane.
- Zygomorphic (Bilateral Symmetry): Divided into two halves through one specific plane.
- Asymmetrical: Cannot be divided into equal halves.
Floral Appendage Variations
- Trimerous: Floral appendages in multiples of 3.
- Tetramerous: Floral appendages in multiples of 4.
- Pentamerous: Floral appendages in multiples of 5.
Presence of Bracts
- Bracteate: Possesses bracts.
- Ebracteate: No bracts present.
Flower Position Classification
- Hypogynous: Gynoecium is the highest; ovary is superior.
- Perigynous: Ovary in the center; other parts at the same level; ovary is half inferior.
- Epigynous: Thalamus encloses the ovary; other parts above; ovary is inferior.
Flower Parts
- Calyx (Sepals): Protects buds; can be gamosepalous (united) or polysepalous (free).
- Corolla (Petals): Brightly colored; can be gamopetalous (united) or polypetalous (free).
Aestivation Types
- Valvate: Margins touch without overlap.
- Twisted: One margin overlaps in one direction.
- Imbricate: Margins overlap in both directions.
- Vexillary: In five-petal flowers, the largest petal overlaps the others.
Androecium
- Male reproductive organ consisting of stamen (filament and anther).
- Sterile stamen is called a staminode.
- Anther typically bilobed with two pollen sacs per lobe.
Gynoecium
- Female reproductive part formed by carpels.
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Carpel Structure:
- Style: Connects stigma to ovary.
- Stigma: Receives pollen.
- Ovary: Contains ovules.
Placentation Types
- Marginal: Placenta along the ventral suture; ovules on the ridge.
- Axile: Ovules attached in a multilocular ovary.
- Parietal: Ovules on the inner walls of the ovary.
- Free Central: Ovules on a central axis; no septa.
- Basal: Placenta at the base with a single ovule.
Monocotyledon
- Reference to a group of flowering plants with one cotyledon in the seed.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental structure and symmetry of flowers, including the four whorls, accessory and reproductive organs, and radial symmetry.
