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Biology: Nucleotide Structure and DNA Function

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Biology: Nucleotide Structure and DNA Function

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Questions and Answers

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base

What is a nucleotide?

Basic unit

What is surgery in DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic

What do hydrogen bonds do?

Hold DNA together Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent bond?

Sharing of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is ionic bonding?

Attraction between 2 ions Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

Cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine Signup and view all the answers

What is DNA?

Polymer Signup and view all the answers

A polymer is a that is made of .

molecule, monomers Signup and view all the answers

Purines are _ and have ____.

nitrogen bases, 2 rings Signup and view all the answers

How many rings does G have?

2 rings Signup and view all the answers

How many rings does C have?

One ring Signup and view all the answers

G and A are what type of bases?

Purines (2 rings) Signup and view all the answers

What are pyrimidines?

Have one ring T and C Signup and view all the answers

Total pairs of chromosomes are _ and _.

46, 23 Signup and view all the answers

What type of extraction is different?

Plant Signup and view all the answers

Short segments of DNA code for a _______.

gene Signup and view all the answers

What is a cytocentrifuge?

Spinning tool Signup and view all the answers

What is PCR?

Polymerase chain reaction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nucleotide Structure

Composed of three main components: phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base.
Nitrogen bases include four types: cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), and guanine (G).

DNA Characteristics

DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, acts as a polymer, made up of repeating units called monomers.
The structure of DNA is maintained by hydrogen bonds that link complementary nitrogen bases.

Types of Bonds

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Ionic bonds are formed through the attraction between two ions.

Nitrogen Base Classification

Purines (adenine and guanine) consist of two rings in their structure.
Pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine) have a single ring.

Genetic Structure and Function

A gene is a short segment of DNA that encodes for a specific protein or trait.
Human cells typically contain 46 total chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs.

DNA Extraction and Profiling

DNA extraction techniques vary, particularly between plant and animal samples.
DNA profiling involves several steps: collect, extract, amplify (using PCR - polymerase chain reaction), and analyze the genetic material.

Laboratory Equipment

A cytocentrifuge is a tool used for spinning and concentrating biological samples.

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Description

Explore the fundamental components of nucleotides and DNA in this quiz. Dive into the characteristics of DNA, types of bonds, and the classification of nitrogen bases. Understand the genetic structure and functions, including DNA extraction techniques.