Questions and Answers
What is a nucleotide?
What type of sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose
What type of sugar is found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
Thymine is found only in RNA.
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Which of the following are nitrogenous bases?
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Which nitrogenous bases are classified as purines?
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Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in RNA?
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What do the base pairing rules state for DNA?
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What is a nucleoside?
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Study Notes
Nucleotide
- Basic building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
- Composed of three components: 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group.
5 Carbon Sugar
- Essential part of a nucleotide.
- Types: Ribose (in RNA) and Deoxyribose (in DNA).
Ribose
- A five-carbon sugar specifically found in RNA.
- Key component that helps form RNA structure.
Deoxyribose
- A five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides.
- Lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose.
Nitrogenous Bases
- Organic molecules containing nitrogen, crucial for nucleotide structure.
- Types include Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine (DNA), and Uracil (RNA).
Purines
- Nitrogenous bases with a double-ring structure.
- Includes Adenine (A) and Guanine (G).
Adenine (A)
- A purine that pairs with Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA.
Guanine (G)
- A purine that pairs with Cytosine in both DNA and RNA.
Pyrimidines
- Nitrogenous bases characterized by a single-ring structure.
- Comprise Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil.
Cytosine (C)
- A pyrimidine paired with Guanine in both DNA and RNA.
Uracil (U)
- A unique pyrimidine found only in RNA.
- Pairs with Adenine in RNA.
Thymine (T)
- A pyrimidine exclusive to DNA.
- Pairs with Adenine in DNA.
Nucleoside
- Combination of a nitrogenous base and a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) without a phosphate group.
Base Pairing Rules
- Specific pairing rules dictate nucleobase interactions:
- In DNA: Adenine pairs with Thymine; Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
- In RNA: Adenine pairs with Uracil; Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
Pentose Sugar
- Another term for the five-carbon sugar found in DNA and RNA nucleotides.
Phosphate Group
- Attached to the fifth carbon of either ribose or deoxyribose, contributing to nucleotide structure.
Nitrogenous Base
- Attached to the first carbon of ribose or deoxyribose, crucial for forming the genetic structure of DNA and RNA.
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Description
Explore the fundamental components of nucleotides, including the roles of five-carbon sugars, nitrogenous bases, and the differences between ribose and deoxyribose. This quiz covers key concepts essential for understanding DNA and RNA structures, as well as the classification of purines and pyrimidines. Test your knowledge on the building blocks of nucleic acids!
