Questions and Answers
What are the three molecular components of a nucleotide?
deoxyribose, nitrogen bases and phosphate groups
What is the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
Purines are nitrogen bases composed of two rings; pyrimidines are nitrogen bases composed of one ring
The two purines bases in DNA are:
adenine;guanine
In DNA base pairing, A pairs with ______ and G pairs with ______.
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What components make up the backbone (the outside of the strands) of the DNA molecule?
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If the sequence of bases in one strand of DNA is 5' TAGCCT 3', the sequence of bases in the complementary strand will be:
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What kind of bonding between complementary nitrogen bases hold the two strands of the DNA molecule together?
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What are the three steps in DNA replication?
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Where in the eukaryotic cell does DNA replication occur?
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A random change in the sequence of the DNA that becomes permanent is called:
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The product of DNA replication is:
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What enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during replication?
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In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the replication is semi-conservative.
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The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions, this is called:
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Study Notes
Molecular Structure of Nucleotides
- Nucleotides consist of three components: deoxyribose, nitrogen bases, and phosphate groups.
Nitrogen Bases
- Purines have a two-ring structure; examples include adenine and guanine.
- Pyrimidines have a single-ring structure and include cytosine and thymine.
DNA Base Pairing
- Base pairing rules: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).
- Complimentary DNA strands: 5' TAGCCT 3' pairs with 5' AGGCTA 3'.
DNA Backbone Composition
- The backbone of the DNA molecule comprises deoxyribose and phosphate groups.
Bonding and Structure
- Hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogen bases stabilize the two strands of DNA.
- DNA strands are oriented in opposite directions, known as antiparallel.
DNA Replication Process
- DNA replication involves three key steps:
- Helicase unwinds the DNA molecule.
- Free nucleotides pair with complementary bases.
- New nucleotides are added by attaching to the adjacent deoxyribose sugar.
Cellular Location of DNA Replication
- In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.
Mutations
- A permanent random change in the DNA sequence is referred to as a mutation.
Outcome of DNA Replication
- DNA replication yields two identical DNA molecules.
Enzymatic Role in DNA Replication
- DNA Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA chain.
Replication Mechanism
- DNA replication is semi-conservative in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
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Description
Test your knowledge about nucleotides with these flashcards covering their molecular components, differences between purines and pyrimidines, and base pairing. Ideal for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of DNA structure and function.
