Biology Nervous System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

  • To secrete cerebrospinal fluid.
  • To relay messages between the brain and the body. (correct)
  • To control voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
  • To regulate heartbeat and digestion.

    • Which of the following is NOT a component of a neuron?

  • Dendrite
  • Axon
  • Cyton
  • Vertebra (correct)

    • How do myelinated neurons differ in function from unmyelinated neurons?

  • Unmyelinated neurons are responsible for voluntary actions.
  • Myelinated neurons transmit impulses more slowly.
  • Myelinated neurons are only found in the brain.
  • Myelinated neurons transmit impulses faster. (correct)

    • Which part of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary activities like digestion?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protects the spinal cord?

    <p>Vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sensory and motor neurons differ in their function within the nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neurons carry messages from the body to the central nervous system, while motor neurons carry messages from the central nervous system to muscles and organs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of the cerebellum?

    <p>Coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining posture and balance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person suffered damage to their medulla oblongata, which of the following functions would most likely be affected?

    <p>The regulation of heartbeat and breathing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cerebrum in processing sensory information?

    <p>It interprets sensory information such as touch, smell, sight, hearing, and taste. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of the cerebrum contribute to its function?

    <p>Its division into two hemispheres allows for specialized processing of information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person is having difficulty with balance and coordination, which part of the brain is MOST likely affected?

    <p>Cerebellum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to a muscle, causing it to contract?

    <p>Motor neuron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surround the brain?

    <p>To cushion and protect the brain from injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person touches a hot stove and quickly pulls their hand away. Which of the following BEST describes the sequence of nerve impulse transmission involved in this reflex action?

    <p>Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which BEST describes the central nervous system's (CNS) role in processing sensory information and coordinating a response?

    <p>The CNS receives, processes, and integrates information to direct the body's response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nervous system?

    <p>To act as a communication link between various parts of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>The PNS connects the body to the CNS through a network of nerves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To carry impulses to the cyton. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between myelinated and unmyelinated neurons?

    <p>Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated neurons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how neurons communicate with each other to transmit an impulse?

    <p>The dendrites of one neuron make connections with the axons of other neurons, forming a continuous pathway. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Spinal Cord

    A bundle of nerves running from the medulla oblongata down the vertebral column.

    Peripheral Nervous System

    Nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body, allowing communication.

    Somatic Nervous System

    The voluntary part of the peripheral nervous system controlling skeletal muscle movements.

    Autonomic Nervous System

    The involuntary part of the peripheral nervous system managing automatic body functions.

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    Neuron

    A nerve cell that transmits messages throughout the nervous system.

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    Sensory Neurons

    Neurons that carry messages from the body to the central nervous system.

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    Motor Neurons

    Neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to muscles and organs.

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    Cerebrum Functions

    Controls learning, memory, emotion, reasoning, and voluntary activities.

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    Cerebellum

    Coordinates voluntary/involuntary movements and maintains balance.

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    Medulla Oblongata

    Part of the brainstem that controls involuntary functions like breathing and heartbeat.

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    Cerebrum

    Part of the brain controlling learning, emotions, and senses.

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    Central Nervous System

    Consists of the brain and spinal cord; processes information.

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    Nervous System

    A network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinates body functions.

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    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    The primary control center consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

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    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    Network of nerves connecting the rest of the body to the CNS.

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    Myelinated Neurons

    Neurons with a myelin sheath that conduct impulses faster.

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    Study Notes

    The Spinal Cord

    • The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves arranged in a cylinder shape, with a central canal.
    • It runs down the vertebral column, protected by the vertebrae.
    • It's covered by meninges and filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
    • It relays messages between the brain and the body.
    • It's connected to all body parts by nerves.

    The Peripheral Nervous System

    • The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
    • It contains nerves that arise from the brain or spinal cord.
    • These nerves branch out to connect to various body parts.
    • It carries impulses from sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to effectors like glands and muscles.
    • It's involved in both voluntary (somatic) and involuntary (autonomic) activities.
      • Somatic: controls skeletal muscles.
      • Autonomic: controls involuntary functions like heartbeat, digestion, and respiration.

    The Peripheral Nervous System: Key Components

    • Neurons: Nerve cells that carry messages (impulses) to and from the brain and spinal cord.
      • Myelinated: have myelin sheath, conducting impulses faster.
      • Unmyelinated: lack a myelin sheath.
      • Sensory: carry messages from body parts to the CNS.
      • Motor: carry messages from the CNS to muscles and organs.
    • Nerves: Cable-like bundles of axons.
      • Sensory
      • Motor
      • Mixed (both sensory and motor)

    The Central Nervous System

    • The CNS (brain and spinal cord) receives information from the body and processes it.
    • The brain processes information, controls actions and stores memories.
    • The spinal cord relays messages between the brain and the body. It also has some independent actions.
    • The Cerebrum: The largest part, involved in learning, memory, emotions, voluntary movement, senses.
    • The Cerebellum: Coordinates body movements and balance.
    • The Medulla Oblongata: Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat, breathing and swallowing.

    The Brain

    • Located within the cranium (skull).
    • Covered in meninges and cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
    • Processes information, controls actions, stores memories.
    • Its parts include the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.
    • The brain has three major parts: Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Medulla Oblongata.
    • The neurons (cells) of the brain are connected in a network system.
    • Communication between neurons occurs at specific places called synapses.

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    Description

    Explore the key components and functions of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. This quiz highlights how these systems relay messages between the brain and body, as well as their role in voluntary and involuntary actions.

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