Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not a cell type found in the retina?
Which of the following is not a cell type found in the retina?
Where would a tumor causing excess epinephrine leading to high blood pressure and elevated heart rate be located?
Where would a tumor causing excess epinephrine leading to high blood pressure and elevated heart rate be located?
Adrenal medulla
What is the stimulus for nociceptors?
What is the stimulus for nociceptors?
Pain
Where might a brain tumor patient who has difficulty moving her left arm have the tumor located?
Where might a brain tumor patient who has difficulty moving her left arm have the tumor located?
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What type of cells form a myelin sheath around axons in the CNS?
What type of cells form a myelin sheath around axons in the CNS?
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The opening of ________ channels decreases the likelihood of action potentials.
The opening of ________ channels decreases the likelihood of action potentials.
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Located within the ________ of the semicircular canal, a gelatinous structure called the _________ surrounds the cell.
Located within the ________ of the semicircular canal, a gelatinous structure called the _________ surrounds the cell.
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Typical resting membrane potential for a neuron is ________ mV.
Typical resting membrane potential for a neuron is ________ mV.
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Threshold for action potential in a neuron is _____ mV.
Threshold for action potential in a neuron is _____ mV.
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Coding for stimulus intensity is signaled by AP frequency.
Coding for stimulus intensity is signaled by AP frequency.
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Mechanoreceptor fields are largest at the most sensitive areas such as the lips and hands.
Mechanoreceptor fields are largest at the most sensitive areas such as the lips and hands.
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Lipophilic hormone may be temporarily stored in adipose tissue.
Lipophilic hormone may be temporarily stored in adipose tissue.
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Synaptic delay is due to the time it takes for neurotransmitters to diffuse across the synaptic cleft.
Synaptic delay is due to the time it takes for neurotransmitters to diffuse across the synaptic cleft.
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Voltage-gated channels are most abundant at the dendrites of a postsynaptic cell.
Voltage-gated channels are most abundant at the dendrites of a postsynaptic cell.
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Taste receptor cells are only located on the tongue.
Taste receptor cells are only located on the tongue.
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The posterior pituitary is comprised of axon terminals from the hypothalamus.
The posterior pituitary is comprised of axon terminals from the hypothalamus.
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What is the term for the bundles of axons that connect the left and right sides of the brain?
What is the term for the bundles of axons that connect the left and right sides of the brain?
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What type of glial cell is necessary for the normal development of the blood-brain barrier?
What type of glial cell is necessary for the normal development of the blood-brain barrier?
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What are the chambers in the brain that contain CSF?
What are the chambers in the brain that contain CSF?
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The ____________ period is reduced membrane excitability after an action potential.
The ____________ period is reduced membrane excitability after an action potential.
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What is the metabolite of hemoglobin that imparts a yellowish tinge found in plasma and the skin if a person has jaundice?
What is the metabolite of hemoglobin that imparts a yellowish tinge found in plasma and the skin if a person has jaundice?
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What neurotransmitter is released from motor neurons?
What neurotransmitter is released from motor neurons?
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What is the first step of hemostasis?
What is the first step of hemostasis?
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Which blood vessels regulate resistance to blood flow?
Which blood vessels regulate resistance to blood flow?
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What hormone does not contribute to smooth muscle vasodilation in arterioles?
What hormone does not contribute to smooth muscle vasodilation in arterioles?
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What filters foreign materials out of the lymphatic system?
What filters foreign materials out of the lymphatic system?
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What supplies blood to the heart?
What supplies blood to the heart?
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What molecule forms the meshwork in a blood clot?
What molecule forms the meshwork in a blood clot?
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Where are hematopoietic stem cells found?
Where are hematopoietic stem cells found?
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Nitric oxide causes _____________
Nitric oxide causes _____________
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Veins function as volume reservoirs due to their ________ compliance.
Veins function as volume reservoirs due to their ________ compliance.
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Which of the following factors does not contribute to vascular resistance?
Which of the following factors does not contribute to vascular resistance?
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Formation of a platelet plug is initiated by _____
Formation of a platelet plug is initiated by _____
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What type of cell is the precursor for platelets?
What type of cell is the precursor for platelets?
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The lymphatic system is an open circulatory system.
The lymphatic system is an open circulatory system.
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The end plate potential does not always depolarize the muscle cell to the threshold value required to initiate an action potential.
The end plate potential does not always depolarize the muscle cell to the threshold value required to initiate an action potential.
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The opening and closure of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves is driven by the contraction of papillary muscles.
The opening and closure of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves is driven by the contraction of papillary muscles.
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CO2 causes the relaxation of metarteriole sphincters.
CO2 causes the relaxation of metarteriole sphincters.
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Release of ADP by platelets is part of a positive feedback loop to increase platelet stickiness and aggregation.
Release of ADP by platelets is part of a positive feedback loop to increase platelet stickiness and aggregation.
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Study Notes
Sensory and Nervous System
- Pacinian corpuscle: Not a cell type found in the retina.
- Nociceptors: Stimulated by pain.
- Ampulla cupula: A gelatinous structure within the semicircular canal that surrounds the sensory cells.
Neurophysiology
- Resting membrane potential: Typical value is -70 mV for neurons.
- Action potential threshold: Required depolarization level is -55 mV.
- Action potential frequency: Signaled intensity of stimulus.
- Refractory period: Reduced membrane excitability following an action potential.
- Voltage-gated channels: Abundant primarily in axon hillocks, not at dendrites.
Circulatory and Endocrine System
- Adrenal medulla tumors: Causes excess epinephrine, leading to high blood pressure and heart rate.
- Vasodilation: Caused by nitric oxide.
- Hemostasis: First step involves vascular spasm.
- Blood supply to heart: Delivered by coronary arteries.
- Platelet plug formation: Initiated by von Willebrand factor.
- Resistance to blood flow: Regulated by arterioles.
Hormones and Blood Components
- ADH: Does not contribute to vasodilation in arterioles.
- Bilirubin: A hemoglobin metabolite resulting in yellow coloration in jaundice cases.
- Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter released by motor neurons.
- Hematopoietic stem cells: Found in bone marrow and responsible for blood cell formation.
Lymphatic System
- Macrophages: Filter out foreign materials from the lymphatic system.
- Lymphatic system: Functions as an open circulatory system.
Platelets and Blood Clotting
- Platelet precursor: Megakaryocytes are the cells that give rise to platelets.
- Fibrin: The molecule that forms a meshwork essential for blood clotting.
- ADP release: Part of a positive feedback loop that enhances platelet aggregation.
Miscellaneous
- Mechanoreceptor fields: Smallest in sensitive areas like lips and hands, opposing the notion that they are largest there.
- Taste receptors: Located not only on the tongue but also in other areas.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to the sensory and nervous systems, as well as the circulatory and endocrine systems. It includes topics like action potentials, neurotransmitters, and the functions of various receptors. Test your understanding of these critical biological systems and their roles in the human body.
