Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not a cell type found in the retina?
Where would a tumor causing excess epinephrine leading to high blood pressure and elevated heart rate be located?
Adrenal medulla
What is the stimulus for nociceptors?
Pain
Where might a brain tumor patient who has difficulty moving her left arm have the tumor located?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cells form a myelin sheath around axons in the CNS?
Signup and view all the answers
The opening of ________ channels decreases the likelihood of action potentials.
Signup and view all the answers
Located within the ________ of the semicircular canal, a gelatinous structure called the _________ surrounds the cell.
Signup and view all the answers
Typical resting membrane potential for a neuron is ________ mV.
Signup and view all the answers
Threshold for action potential in a neuron is _____ mV.
Signup and view all the answers
Coding for stimulus intensity is signaled by AP frequency.
Signup and view all the answers
Mechanoreceptor fields are largest at the most sensitive areas such as the lips and hands.
Signup and view all the answers
Lipophilic hormone may be temporarily stored in adipose tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
Synaptic delay is due to the time it takes for neurotransmitters to diffuse across the synaptic cleft.
Signup and view all the answers
Voltage-gated channels are most abundant at the dendrites of a postsynaptic cell.
Signup and view all the answers
Taste receptor cells are only located on the tongue.
Signup and view all the answers
The posterior pituitary is comprised of axon terminals from the hypothalamus.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the bundles of axons that connect the left and right sides of the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of glial cell is necessary for the normal development of the blood-brain barrier?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the chambers in the brain that contain CSF?
Signup and view all the answers
The ____________ period is reduced membrane excitability after an action potential.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the metabolite of hemoglobin that imparts a yellowish tinge found in plasma and the skin if a person has jaundice?
Signup and view all the answers
What neurotransmitter is released from motor neurons?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step of hemostasis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which blood vessels regulate resistance to blood flow?
Signup and view all the answers
What hormone does not contribute to smooth muscle vasodilation in arterioles?
Signup and view all the answers
What filters foreign materials out of the lymphatic system?
Signup and view all the answers
What supplies blood to the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What molecule forms the meshwork in a blood clot?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are hematopoietic stem cells found?
Signup and view all the answers
Nitric oxide causes _____________
Signup and view all the answers
Veins function as volume reservoirs due to their ________ compliance.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors does not contribute to vascular resistance?
Signup and view all the answers
Formation of a platelet plug is initiated by _____
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cell is the precursor for platelets?
Signup and view all the answers
The lymphatic system is an open circulatory system.
Signup and view all the answers
The end plate potential does not always depolarize the muscle cell to the threshold value required to initiate an action potential.
Signup and view all the answers
The opening and closure of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves is driven by the contraction of papillary muscles.
Signup and view all the answers
CO2 causes the relaxation of metarteriole sphincters.
Signup and view all the answers
Release of ADP by platelets is part of a positive feedback loop to increase platelet stickiness and aggregation.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Sensory and Nervous System
- Pacinian corpuscle: Not a cell type found in the retina.
- Nociceptors: Stimulated by pain.
- Ampulla cupula: A gelatinous structure within the semicircular canal that surrounds the sensory cells.
Neurophysiology
- Resting membrane potential: Typical value is -70 mV for neurons.
- Action potential threshold: Required depolarization level is -55 mV.
- Action potential frequency: Signaled intensity of stimulus.
- Refractory period: Reduced membrane excitability following an action potential.
- Voltage-gated channels: Abundant primarily in axon hillocks, not at dendrites.
Circulatory and Endocrine System
- Adrenal medulla tumors: Causes excess epinephrine, leading to high blood pressure and heart rate.
- Vasodilation: Caused by nitric oxide.
- Hemostasis: First step involves vascular spasm.
- Blood supply to heart: Delivered by coronary arteries.
- Platelet plug formation: Initiated by von Willebrand factor.
- Resistance to blood flow: Regulated by arterioles.
Hormones and Blood Components
- ADH: Does not contribute to vasodilation in arterioles.
- Bilirubin: A hemoglobin metabolite resulting in yellow coloration in jaundice cases.
- Acetylcholine: Neurotransmitter released by motor neurons.
- Hematopoietic stem cells: Found in bone marrow and responsible for blood cell formation.
Lymphatic System
- Macrophages: Filter out foreign materials from the lymphatic system.
- Lymphatic system: Functions as an open circulatory system.
Platelets and Blood Clotting
- Platelet precursor: Megakaryocytes are the cells that give rise to platelets.
- Fibrin: The molecule that forms a meshwork essential for blood clotting.
- ADP release: Part of a positive feedback loop that enhances platelet aggregation.
Miscellaneous
- Mechanoreceptor fields: Smallest in sensitive areas like lips and hands, opposing the notion that they are largest there.
- Taste receptors: Located not only on the tongue but also in other areas.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to the sensory and nervous systems, as well as the circulatory and endocrine systems. It includes topics like action potentials, neurotransmitters, and the functions of various receptors. Test your understanding of these critical biological systems and their roles in the human body.
