Biology: Monera and Archaebacteria

What is a characteristic that all prokaryotes belong to?

Which of the following is a characteristic of Archaebacteria?

What do Monerans lack?

What is unique about the environments in which Archaebacteria live?

What is composed of amino acids and sugar?

What is the primary purpose of classification in taxonomy?

What is the highest rank in the classification hierarchy?

Which classification system is based on physical characteristics?

What is the most specific rank in the classification hierarchy?

Which type of classification is based on a single characteristic?

How many domains are there in the classification hierarchy?

What is the main difference between the Linnaean System and the Phylogenetic System?

What is the term for the arrangement of organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences?

Which rank is below the phylum rank in the classification hierarchy?

What is the purpose of the classification hierarchy?

Monera

Lack nucleus and are prokaryotes
Include all prokaryotes, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
Single-celled organisms
Numerous organisms on Earth
No cell membrane but have Mitochondria
Fewer structures, require microscope to see

Archaebacteria

Ancient bacteria, live in extreme environments
Prokaryotes, unicellular, no peptidoglycan
Mostly extremophiles: halophiles, methanogens, thermophiles
Some are autotrophs, others are heterotrophs
Lack peptidoglycan, which is made up of amino acids and sugar

Classification in Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of classification
Involves arrangement of organisms into groups based on similarities and differences

Hierarchy of Classification

Domain: highest rank, divides life into six domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya, Chromista, Protozoa, and Fungi
Kingdom: divides life into six kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Chromista, and Monera
Phylum (or Division in Plantae): divides kingdoms into more specific groups
Class: divides phyla into smaller groups
Order: divides classes into smaller groups
Family: divides orders into smaller groups
Genus: divides families into smaller groups
Species: most specific rank, defines a unique group of organisms

Classification Systems

Linnaean System: developed by Carolus Linnaeus, uses hierarchical classification based on physical characteristics
Phylogenetic System: focuses on evolutionary relationships between organisms, using characteristics such as DNA and fossil records

Types of Classification

Artificial Classification: based on a single characteristic, such as flower color or leaf shape
Natural Classification: not mentioned in the text, but implied as the alternative to artificial classification

Test your knowledge of Monera and Archaebacteria, including their characteristics, such as lack of nucleus, and types of environments they inhabit. Learn about single-celled organisms and extremophiles.