15 Questions
What is a characteristic that all prokaryotes belong to?
Monera
Which of the following is a characteristic of Archaebacteria?
Absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall
What do Monerans lack?
Nucleus
What is unique about the environments in which Archaebacteria live?
They are unusually harsh or extreme
What is composed of amino acids and sugar?
Peptidoglycan
What is the primary purpose of classification in taxonomy?
To arrange organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences
What is the highest rank in the classification hierarchy?
Domain
Which classification system is based on physical characteristics?
Linnaean System
What is the most specific rank in the classification hierarchy?
Species
Which type of classification is based on a single characteristic?
Artificial Classification
How many domains are there in the classification hierarchy?
6
What is the main difference between the Linnaean System and the Phylogenetic System?
The Linnaean System is based on physical characteristics, while the Phylogenetic System is based on evolutionary relationships
What is the term for the arrangement of organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences?
Classification
Which rank is below the phylum rank in the classification hierarchy?
Class
What is the purpose of the classification hierarchy?
To arrange organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences
Study Notes
Monera
- Lack nucleus and are prokaryotes
- Include all prokaryotes, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
- Single-celled organisms
- Numerous organisms on Earth
- No cell membrane but have Mitochondria
- Fewer structures, require microscope to see
Archaebacteria
- Ancient bacteria, live in extreme environments
- Prokaryotes, unicellular, no peptidoglycan
- Mostly extremophiles: halophiles, methanogens, thermophiles
- Some are autotrophs, others are heterotrophs
- Lack peptidoglycan, which is made up of amino acids and sugar
Classification in Taxonomy
- Taxonomy is the science of classification
- Involves arrangement of organisms into groups based on similarities and differences
Hierarchy of Classification
- Domain: highest rank, divides life into six domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya, Chromista, Protozoa, and Fungi
- Kingdom: divides life into six kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Chromista, and Monera
- Phylum (or Division in Plantae): divides kingdoms into more specific groups
- Class: divides phyla into smaller groups
- Order: divides classes into smaller groups
- Family: divides orders into smaller groups
- Genus: divides families into smaller groups
- Species: most specific rank, defines a unique group of organisms
Classification Systems
- Linnaean System: developed by Carolus Linnaeus, uses hierarchical classification based on physical characteristics
- Phylogenetic System: focuses on evolutionary relationships between organisms, using characteristics such as DNA and fossil records
Types of Classification
- Artificial Classification: based on a single characteristic, such as flower color or leaf shape
- Natural Classification: not mentioned in the text, but implied as the alternative to artificial classification
Test your knowledge of Monera and Archaebacteria, including their characteristics, such as lack of nucleus, and types of environments they inhabit. Learn about single-celled organisms and extremophiles.
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