Biology Module 10: Small Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes an autotroph from a heterotroph?

  • A heterotroph breaks down dead matter.
  • A heterotroph produces its own food.
  • An autotroph consumes organic substances.
  • An autotroph can produce its own food. (correct)

    • Which organism is classified as a decomposer?

  • A bacteria that breaks down dead organic matter. (correct)
  • A fungus that produces its own food.
  • A plant that photosynthesizes.
  • An animal that consumes other organisms.

    • Which statement correctly describes ATP?

  • ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate. (correct)
  • ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration.
  • ATP is produced during photosynthesis only.
  • ATP is used only in anaerobic respiration.

    • What is the primary role of a producer in an ecosystem?

    <p>To produce its own food through photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cellular respiration, what distinguishes aerobic from anaerobic processes?

    <p>Aerobic processes require oxygen, whereas anaerobic ones do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an energy source for cellular respiration?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of nutrients released by decomposers?

    <p>They are returned to the environment for reuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism would typically be considered a consumer?

    <p>A lion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which metabolic process is ATP primarily produced?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do autotrophs obtain their energy?

    <p>From sunlight or inorganic substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source in cells?

    <p>Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process converts ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi)?

    <p>Hydrolysis reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi?

    <p>Endergonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic input for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in plant cells does photosynthesis predominantly occur?

    <p>Mesophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During light reactions, what are the main products generated?

    <p>Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of photosynthesis is known for being light-independent?

    <p>Calvin cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main energy molecule is recycled back to the light reactions after the Calvin cycle?

    <p>ADP and Pi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the condensation reaction in the context of ATP?

    <p>Requires energy input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

    <p>To act as an electron carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>They generate ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a product of the Calvin cycle?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what part of the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?

    <p>Thylakoid membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does sunlight play in photosynthesis?

    <p>It drives the light reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module 10: Small Metabolism (Areas of Focus)

    • Autotroph: An organism that produces its own food.
    • Heterotroph: An organism that consumes organic substances or other organisms for food.
    • Producer: Makes its own food (autotroph).
    • Consumer: Cannot make food, relies on other organisms (plants/animals) for energy (heterotroph).
    • Decomposer: Breaks down dead plant or animal matter (bacteria or fungi), releasing nutrients into the environment.

    ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

    • Primary energy source for use and storage.
    • Composed of an adenosine backbone with three phosphate groups attached.
    • ATP + H₂O → ADP + Pi + free energy (hydrolysis reaction, exergonic)
    • ADP + Pi + free energy → ATP + H₂O (condensation reaction, endergonic)

    Photosynthesis

    • Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria convert solar energy into chemical energy.
    • 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
    • Occurs in the mesophyll of leaves.
    • Two stages:
      • Light-dependent reactions (in thylakoid membrane): Requires light energy, water, produces O₂, ATP, and NADPH.
      • Calvin cycle (in stroma): Uses CO₂, ATP, and NADPH to produce carbohydrates (glucose).

    Cellular Respiration

    • Process where organisms break down organic molecules to release energy.
    • Aerobic respiration (with oxygen) is more efficient than anaerobic respiration (without oxygen).
    • Energy sources for respiration vary but the chemical processes are similar.

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    Exam 3 Modules 10-13 PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of small metabolism in this quiz, focusing on autotrophs, heterotrophs, and the processes of ATP production. Additionally, delve into the significance of photosynthesis and the role of producers, consumers, and decomposers in the ecosystem. Test your understanding of how energy flows through biological systems.

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