Biology Mitosis and Meiosis Quiz

Mitosis

• Purpose is to regenerate cells.
• Involves a single division of the cell.
• Results in the formation of diploid cells.
• Sister chromatids are two identical chromosomes that form during cell division.
• Prophase involves the formation of homologous pairs of chromosomes.
• During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
• Anaphase occurs when paired chromosomes are separated and pulled apart.
• Telophase involves the formation of the nuclear membrane, leading to two daughter cells.
• Cytokinesis is not a part of mitosis; it is a separate process that occurs after.
• During cytokinesis, a new double membrane forms, allowing the cytoplasm to divide.

Meiosis

• The purpose is to produce egg cells.
• Cells divide twice during meiosis.
• Final result is the formation of egg cells.
• Prophase I is characterized by chromosomes condensing and pairing, with the nuclear membrane breaking down.
• In metaphase I, chromosomes line up at the center and spindle fibers attach, whereas metaphase II has sister chromatids aligning along the center.
• Telophase I forms a membrane around each set of chromosomes and divides the cytoplasm, while telophase II forms membranes around each set of chromatids.
• In anaphase I, chromosomes separate and are drawn to opposite cell ends; in anaphase II, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cells.