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Questions and Answers
What is biology the study of?
What is biology the study of?
Life
What is the group that does not receive the treatment called?
What is the group that does not receive the treatment called?
Control group
What is the group that receives the treatment called?
What is the group that receives the treatment called?
Experimental group
What is the data being collected or measured called?
What is the data being collected or measured called?
What is the variable that is manipulated called?
What is the variable that is manipulated called?
What type of data is descriptive?
What type of data is descriptive?
What type of data is numerical?
What type of data is numerical?
What is the metric unit for volume?
What is the metric unit for volume?
What is the metric unit for distance?
What is the metric unit for distance?
What is the metric unit for mass?
What is the metric unit for mass?
What is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment called?
What is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment called?
Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? (Select all that apply)
What are the levels of cellular organization from smallest to largest?
What are the levels of cellular organization from smallest to largest?
What two things are located in the nucleus?
What two things are located in the nucleus?
What is NOT located in the nucleus?
What is NOT located in the nucleus?
What does the atomic number represent?
What does the atomic number represent?
If an atomic number is 10, how many protons does the atom have?
If an atomic number is 10, how many protons does the atom have?
If an atom is neutrally charged, how many electrons does it have?
If an atom is neutrally charged, how many electrons does it have?
What is the mass number?
What is the mass number?
What is adhesion?
What is adhesion?
What is high specific heat?
What is high specific heat?
In water, where are covalent bonds formed?
In water, where are covalent bonds formed?
In water, where are hydrogen bonds formed?
In water, where are hydrogen bonds formed?
Why are hydrogen bonds important?
Why are hydrogen bonds important?
What type of bond is formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons?
What type of bond is formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons?
What type of bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
What type of bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
What does pH measure?
What does pH measure?
What is a base?
What is a base?
What is a neutral pH?
What is a neutral pH?
What is an organic molecule?
What is an organic molecule?
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
What is the function of a carbohydrate?
What is the function of a carbohydrate?
Where are carbohydrates located in the body?
Where are carbohydrates located in the body?
Which of the following are examples of carbohydrates?
Which of the following are examples of carbohydrates?
What is the monomer of a lipid?
What is the monomer of a lipid?
What is the function of a lipid?
What is the function of a lipid?
Where are lipids located in the body?
Where are lipids located in the body?
Which of the following are examples of lipids?
Which of the following are examples of lipids?
What is the monomer of a protein?
What is the monomer of a protein?
What are the functions of proteins?
What are the functions of proteins?
Where are proteins located in the body?
Where are proteins located in the body?
Which of the following are examples of proteins?
Which of the following are examples of proteins?
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
What are the functions of nucleic acids?
What are the functions of nucleic acids?
Where are nucleic acids located in the body?
Where are nucleic acids located in the body?
Which of the following are examples of nucleic acids?
Which of the following are examples of nucleic acids?
What is the R group in an amino acid?
What is the R group in an amino acid?
What is dehydration synthesis?
What is dehydration synthesis?
What is hydrolysis?
What is hydrolysis?
What is an enzyme?
What is an enzyme?
How do enzymes work regarding the activation energy of a reaction?
How do enzymes work regarding the activation energy of a reaction?
What does an enzyme bind to?
What does an enzyme bind to?
What biomolecule are enzymes?
What biomolecule are enzymes?
What happens to enzymes after they are used in a reaction?
What happens to enzymes after they are used in a reaction?
What are the three parts of cell theory?
What are the three parts of cell theory?
What is the function of the smooth ER?
What is the function of the smooth ER?
What is the function of the chloroplast?
What is the function of the chloroplast?
What is chlorophyll?
What is chlorophyll?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the lysosome?
What is the function of the lysosome?
What is the function of the cell wall (only in plant cells)?
What is the function of the cell wall (only in plant cells)?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What are prokaryotic cells?
What are prokaryotic cells?
What is active transport?
What is active transport?
What is osmosis?
What is osmosis?
What is a hypertonic solution?
What is a hypertonic solution?
What is an isotonic solution?
What is an isotonic solution?
What is facilitated diffusion?
What is facilitated diffusion?
What is photosynthesis?
What is photosynthesis?
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
What are the products of photosynthesis?
What are the products of photosynthesis?
What are stomata?
What are stomata?
How does ADP become ATP?
How does ADP become ATP?
What is ATP's function in the cell?
What is ATP's function in the cell?
What is an autotroph?
What is an autotroph?
What is cellular respiration?
What is cellular respiration?
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
What are the products of cellular respiration?
What are the products of cellular respiration?
What is the order of the stages of cellular respiration?
What is the order of the stages of cellular respiration?
What does anaerobic mean?
What does anaerobic mean?
What is lactic acid fermentation?
What is lactic acid fermentation?
What is alcoholic fermentation?
What is alcoholic fermentation?
What is the Krebs cycle?
What is the Krebs cycle?
What is the electron transport chain?
What is the electron transport chain?
What part of the cell does aerobic cellular respiration take place?
What part of the cell does aerobic cellular respiration take place?
Flashcards
What is Biology?
What is Biology?
the study of life.
Control Group
Control Group
the group that does not receive the treatment.
Experimental Group
Experimental Group
the group that receives the treatment.
Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
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Independent Variable
Independent Variable
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Qualitative Data
Qualitative Data
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Quantitative Data
Quantitative Data
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Metric unit for Volume
Metric unit for Volume
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Metric unit for Distance
Metric unit for Distance
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Metric unit for Mass
Metric unit for Mass
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Characteristics of Living Things
Characteristics of Living Things
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Levels of Cellular Organization
Levels of Cellular Organization
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What is located in the Nucleus?
What is located in the Nucleus?
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What is NOT in the Nucleus?
What is NOT in the Nucleus?
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Atomic Number
Atomic Number
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If an atomic number is 10, how many protons does the atom have?
If an atomic number is 10, how many protons does the atom have?
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If the atom is neutrally charged, how many electrons does it have?
If the atom is neutrally charged, how many electrons does it have?
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Mass Number
Mass Number
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Adhesion
Adhesion
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Cohesion
Cohesion
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High Specific Heat
High Specific Heat
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Regarding water, where are Covalent Bonds formed?
Regarding water, where are Covalent Bonds formed?
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Regarding water, where are Hydrogen Bonds formed?
Regarding water, where are Hydrogen Bonds formed?
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Why are Hydrogen Bonds important?
Why are Hydrogen Bonds important?
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Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
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Ionic Bond
Ionic Bond
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pH is a measure of...
pH is a measure of...
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Base
Base
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Acid
Acid
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Neutral
Neutral
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Study Notes
Biology Midterm Flashcards - Study Notes
- Biology: The study of life.
- Control Group: The group that does not receive the treatment.
- Experimental Group: The group that receives the treatment.
- Dependent Variable: The data collected; what is measured.
- Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated.
- Qualitative Data: Descriptive data.
- Quantitative Data: Numerical data.
- Volume Metric Unit: Liter.
- Distance Metric Unit: Meter.
- Mass Metric Unit: Gram.
- Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment.
- Characteristics of Living Things: Order, reproduction, energy processing, growth and development, homeostasis, response to stimuli, evolutionary adaptation.
- Levels of Cellular Organization: Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
- Nucleus Contents: Protons and neutrons.
- Non-Nucleus Content: Electrons.
- Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom.
- Protons in Atom with Atomic Number 10: 10.
- Electrons in a Neutral Atom (Atomic Number 10): 10.
- Mass Number: The number of protons + the number of neutrons.
- Adhesion: Attraction between molecules of different substances (e.g., meniscus).
- Cohesion: Attraction between molecules of the same substance (e.g., water striders on surface tension).
- High Specific Heat of Water: Water's ability to resist temperature changes (moderates Earth's temperature).
- Covalent Bonds in Water: Formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
- Hydrogen Bonds in Water: Formed between water molecules (H of one molecule bonds with O of another).
- Importance of Hydrogen Bonds in Water: Stabilize water.
- Covalent Bond Definition: Atoms sharing one or more electron pairs.
- Ionic Bond Definition: Transfer of electrons between atoms.
- pH Definition: Measure of acidity or basicity of a solution.
- Base: pH above 7 (right side of pH scale).
- Acid: pH below 7 (left side of pH scale).
- Neutral: pH of 7 (middle of pH scale).
- Organic Molecule Definition: Molecule containing Carbon and Hydrogen.
- Inorganic Molecule Definition: Molecule NOT containing Carbon or Hydrogen (or both).
- Carbohydrate Monomer: Monosaccharide.
- Carbohydrate Function: Quick energy.
- Carbohydrate Locations: Blood and muscles.
- Carbohydrate Examples: Glucose, sucrose, cellulose.
- Lipid Monomer: Triglyceride (1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids).
- Lipid Function: Long-term energy storage.
- Lipid Locations: Tissue.
- Lipid Examples: Fats, oils.
- Protein Monomer: Amino acid.
- Protein Functions: Enzymes, structure, antibodies.
- Protein Locations: Muscles, skin, hair.
- Protein Examples: Actin, enzymes, hemoglobin, casein, albumin, insulin, collagen.
- Nucleic Acid Monomer: Nucleotide.
- Nucleic Acid Functions: DNA stores hereditary information, RNA makes proteins.
- Nucleic Acid Locations: Blood.
- Nucleic Acid Examples: DNA, RNA.
- R Group in Amino Acids: The variable part; 20 different R groups exist, distinguishing each amino acid.
- Dehydration Synthesis: Joining monomers to form polymers by removing water.
- Hydrolysis: Separating monomers by adding water.
- Enzyme Definition: Protein catalysts; end in "-ase".
- Enzyme Role in Activation Energy: Speed up chemical reactions.
- Enzyme Binding Target: Substrate.
- Enzyme Biomolecule: Protein.
- Enzyme Fate After Reaction: Not changed; reusable.
- Cell Theory (3 Parts):
- All living things are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
- New cells are produced from existing cells.
- Smooth ER Function: Lipid synthesis.
- Rough ER Function: Protein synthesis.
- Chloroplast Function: Site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll.
- Chlorophyll Function: Gives chloroplasts their green color.
- Cytoplasm Function: Holds organelles in place.
- Nucleus Function: The control center of the cell; houses DNA.
- Lysosome Function: Waste digestion.
- Ribosome Function: Protein synthesis.
- Cell Wall Function (Plant Cells): Protects and supports cell structure.
- Cell Membrane Function: Controls what enters and exits the cell.
- Prokaryotic Cell Feature: Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic Cell Feature: Contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Active Transport: Movement across membrane requiring energy (low to high concentration).
- Osmosis: Movement of water across membrane (high to low concentration).
- Hypertonic Solution: Water with higher salt concentration (water moves out of cell).
- Hypotonic Solution: Water with lower salt concentration (water moves into cell).
- Isotonic Solution: Equal water concentration on both sides of the membrane.
- Diffusion: Spreading out of molecules (high to low concentration).
- Facilitated Diffusion: Movement of particles (high to low concentration) assisted by transport proteins.
- Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
- Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
- Photosynthesis Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
- Photosynthesis Products: Glucose and oxygen.
- Stomata: Small openings on leaves for gas exchange.
- ADP to ATP: Addition of a phosphate group.
- ATP to ADP: Loss of a phosphate group.
- ATP Function: Provides energy for cellular activities.
- Autotroph: Organism that makes its own food.
- Cellular Respiration: Converting biochemical energy from nutrients to ATP.
- Cellular Respiration Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP).
- Cellular Respiration Reactants: Glucose and oxygen.
- Cellular Respiration Products: Carbon dioxide, water, energy (ATP).
- Cellular Respiration Stages: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain.
- Anaerobic: Does not require oxygen.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation: Breakdown of carbohydrates producing lactic acid (in muscle cells).
- Alcoholic Fermentation: Breakdown of sugars producing carbon dioxide and ethanol (in yeasts).
- Glycolysis: "Sugar splitting;" first step in cellular respiration; net gain of 2 ATP.
- Krebs Cycle: Second stage in cellular respiration; pyruvic acid broken down into carbon dioxide.
- Electron Transport Chain: Series of proteins using high-energy electrons to convert ADP to ATP (most ATP generated).
- Aerobic Cellular Respiration Location: Mitochondria.
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Description
Prepare for your biology midterm with these essential flashcards covering key concepts such as control and experimental groups, variables, and levels of cellular organization. This quiz will reinforce your understanding of fundamental biological principles and terminologies, helping you excel in your studies.
