Biology: Metabolism and Enzymes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of reaction are catabolic reactions classified as?

  • Metabolic reactions
  • Anabolic reactions
  • Endergonic reactions
  • Exergonic reactions (correct)

    • Which molecule is produced when ATP loses a phosphate group?

  • Adenosine Diphosphate (correct)
  • Glucose
  • Adenine
  • Adenosine Triphosphate

    • Which statement is true regarding anabolic reactions?

  • They consume energy to build complex molecules. (correct)
  • They only occur in the presence of oxygen.
  • They release energy during the process.
  • They are the same as catabolic reactions.

    • What do ATP and ADP have in common?

    <p>They are both energy carriers in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is an example of a catabolic reaction?

    <p>Digesting food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason the human body needs to eat?

    <p>To obtain energy and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of ATP?

    <p>It serves as an immediate source of energy in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process do hydrogen ions move across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>Chemiosmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during exergonic reactions?

    <p>Energy is released to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of electron carriers in cellular respiration?

    <p>To transport electrons and protons throughout the processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does feedback inhibition regulate cellular respiration?

    <p>By inhibiting the activity of certain enzymes when product levels are sufficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is generated from lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the starting materials for glycolysis?

    <p>1 glucose + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?

    <p>In the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a product of pyruvate oxidation?

    <p>2 NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all processes discussed have in common regarding ATP?

    <p>None require oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many acetyl CoA molecules are generated from one glucose molecule?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a product of the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>1 glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for ATP synthesis as H+ ions re-enter the mitochondrial matrix?

    <p>ATP Synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of NAD+ in the glycolysis process?

    <p>To donate electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?

    <p>To transport protons into the intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ATP synthase produce ATP?

    <p>By allowing protons to move back into the mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

    <p>To provide energy through breaking high energy phosphate bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does oxygen play in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>It acts as the final electron acceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons in the absence of oxygen during the Electron Transport Chain?

    <p>They accumulate and lead to carrier reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is essential for maintaining cellular function and requires energy?

    <p>Building nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes catabolic reactions in metabolism?

    <p>They break down large polymers into smaller monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons must move through ATP synthase to generate one ATP molecule?

    <p>4 protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are exergonic and endergonic reactions related?

    <p>Endergonic reactions use the energy released from exergonic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

    <p>In the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is characterized by the products having less energy than the reactants?

    <p>Exergonic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is proton motive force?

    <p>The electrochemical gradient of protons across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of cellular respiration begins with glucose?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes enzymes?

    <p>They facilitate both anabolic and catabolic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about food energy is true?

    <p>Energy stored in food is released by breaking chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of monomers in metabolic processes?

    <p>They are used to build larger polymers in anabolic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Why We Need to Eat

    • We need to eat food to get energy to survive
    • Energy from food is stored in food's chemical bonds
    • Food provides energy for building macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids
    • Energy from food is required for life-sustaining processes like active transport

    Metabolism

    • Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in cells that keep us alive
    • Metabolic reactions can be classified as either:
      • Catabolic: Reactions that break down molecules and release energy
      • Anabolic: Reactions that build up molecules and require energy
    • Metabolic reactions can also be classified as either:
      • Exergonic: Reactions that release energy, meaning the products have less energy than the reactants
      • Endergonic: Reactions that require energy, meaning the products have more energy than the reactants

    Enzymes

    • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
    • Without enzymes, reactions would occur too slowly for organisms to function
    • Enzymes help both anabolic and catabolic reactions
    • Enzymes work on substrates to produce products

    ATP and ADP

    • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) are the main forms of chemical energy in a cell
    • Energy is stored in the bonds between phosphate groups in ATP and ADP
    • ATP has 3 phosphate groups, high energy, and is made when the cell has extra energy
    • ADP has 2 phosphate groups, some energy, and is made when the cell uses energy from ATP by removing a phosphate group

    Cellular Respiration

    • Cellular respiration is a series of reactions in which glucose is broken down to generate energy
    • Energy from glucose is transferred to the bonds of ATP
    • ATP is then used by cells as a source of energy by breaking its high-energy phosphate bonds

    Glycolysis

    • First step of cellular respiration
    • Breaks down glucose (C6H12O6) into two pyruvate molecules (C3H4O3)
    • Occurs in the cytoplasm
    • Requires 2 ATP to start, but produces 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
    • Also produces 2 NADH, which is an electron carrier molecule
    • Does not require oxygen

    Pyruvate Oxidation

    • Second step of cellular respiration
    • Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
    • Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria
    • Each pyruvate is converted into an acetyl CoA molecule
    • Produces 2 CO2 and 2 NADH

    The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

    • Third step of cellular respiration
    • Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
    • Acetyl CoA is broken down, releasing more energy
    • Produces 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2

    Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

    • Fourth and final step of cellular respiration
    • Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
    • Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to proteins in the ETC
    • These electrons lose energy along the chain, powering the movement of protons (H+) across the inner membrane
    • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor

    Chemiosmosis

    • The movement of protons (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane creates a proton gradient
    • This gradient powers ATP synthase to produce ATP
    • Called oxidative phosphorylation

    Fermentation

    • Occurs in the absence of oxygen
    • Allows for the production of ATP without oxygen
    • Two main types:
      • Alcoholic fermentation: Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and CO2
      • Lactic acid fermentation: Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid

    Feedback Inhibition

    • Controls the rate of cellular respiration
    • Prevents the overproduction of ATP
    • When ATP is abundant, it inhibits enzymes involved in earlier steps of cellular respiration

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on metabolism and the role of enzymes in biological processes. This quiz covers concepts such as catabolic and anabolic reactions, as well as the energy dynamics in metabolic pathways. Perfect for biology students wanting to deepen their understanding of how life sustains itself through chemical reactions.

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