Biology Membrane Vocabulary Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is a carbohydrate?

What is a glycoprotein?

What is a globular protein?

What is a channel protein?

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What is an integral protein?

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What is an alpha helix protein?

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What is a glycolipid?

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What is a peripheral protein?

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What does the fluid mosaic model propose?

There are proteins embedded in a sea of phospholipids and that the lipid molecules can move which gives it fluidity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickness of the plasma membrane?

Between 5 and 10 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is outside the plasma membrane?

The glycocalyx, formed from carbohydrate chains attached to lipids or proteins in the membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Define glycolipid.

Lipid with an attached chain of carbohydrate molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Define glycoprotein.

Protein with an attached chain of carbohydrate molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Define diffusion.

The net movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Define facilitated diffusion.

Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane via protein channels or carriers. Signup and view all the answers

List five factors that affect the rate of simple diffusion.

Temperature, diffusion distance, surface area, size of diffusing molecule, concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules may use facilitated diffusion?

Small molecules that have polarity, so are insoluble in lipid as they cannot interact with the hydrophobic tails. Signup and view all the answers

Define osmosis.

Passage of water molecules down their water potential gradient, across a partially permeable membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Define water potential.

Measure of the tendency of water molecules to diffuse from one region to another. Signup and view all the answers

Define active transport.

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient across a cell membrane, using ATP and carrier proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Define endocytosis.

Bulk transport of molecules too large to pass through the cell membrane via channel or carrier proteins into the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Define exocytosis.

Bulk transport of molecules too large to pass through the cell membrane via channel or carrier proteins out of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plasma Membrane Vocabulary

Carbohydrate: Organic molecules consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, important for cell recognition and signaling.
Glycoprotein: Protein with an attached carbohydrate chain; plays a crucial role in cell-cell recognition and communication.
Globular Protein: Water-soluble proteins with a spherical shape, functioning in a variety of biological processes including enzymatic activity and transport.
Channel Protein: Integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of specific substances across the membrane by forming pores.
Integral Protein: Proteins embedded within the lipid bilayer that can span the membrane and are involved in transport, act as receptors, or link cells together.
Alpha Helix Protein (Integral Protein): A type of integral protein characterized by its helical structure, important for stability and function in the membrane.
Glycolipid: Lipid with an attached carbohydrate chain; contributes to the structural integrity of the membrane and plays a role in cell recognition.
Peripheral Protein: Loosely attached proteins located on the inner or outer surface of the membrane; involved in signaling and maintaining cell shape.
Fluid Mosaic Model: Proposed structure of the plasma membrane, suggesting proteins are embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer, allowing for movement and flexibility.
Thickness of the Plasma Membrane: Ranges between 5 and 10 nm, providing a semi-permeable barrier for cells.
Outside the Membrane: The glycocalyx, a layer formed by carbohydrate chains attached to lipids or proteins, provides protection and mediates interactions with the environment.

Transport Mechanisms and Factors

Glycolipid Definition: A lipid molecule with an attached chain of carbohydrates, key for cell signaling and recognition.
Facilitated Diffusion: Transport of particles across a membrane from high to low concentration via protein channels or carriers; suitable for polar and larger molecules.
Factors Affecting Simple Diffusion: Key influencing factors include temperature (higher temperatures increase rate), diffusion distance, surface area available for diffusion, size of the diffusing molecule, and the concentration gradient.
Molecules Using Facilitated Diffusion: Typically small polar molecules that cannot diffuse through the lipid portion of the membrane due to their solubility limitations.
Osmosis Definition: Movement of water molecules from higher to lower water potential through a selectively permeable membrane, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Water Potential: Defined as the potential energy of water in a system, driving diffusion from areas of high potential to low potential.
Active Transport Definition: Transport process requiring energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient across the membrane, utilizing carrier proteins.
Endocytosis: Process for bulk transport of large molecules into the cell, bypassing the membrane by vesicle formation.
Exocytosis: The reverse of endocytosis, where materials are expelled from the cell via vesicles merging with the membrane, essential for secretion.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key vocabulary related to plasma membranes and their components. This quiz focuses on defining terms such as glycoprotein, channel protein, and glycolipid. Perfect for students studying cell biology or related subjects.