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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of bone marrow in adults?
What is the primary function of bone marrow in adults?
- To filter waste from the blood
- To produce T cells
- To store lipids
- To produce red blood cells (correct)
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
- To unwind the double helix
- To proofread new DNA strands
- To synthesize new DNA strands
- To form covalent bonds between nucleotides (correct)
What is a characteristic of apoptosis?
What is a characteristic of apoptosis?
- Uncontrolled cell growth
- Cell swelling
- Inflammation
- DNA fragmentation (correct)
In a patient with COPD, which lung volume is likely to be increased?
In a patient with COPD, which lung volume is likely to be increased?
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Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
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The hepatic portal vein transports blood to which organ?
The hepatic portal vein transports blood to which organ?
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What type of cell is primarily involved in bone resorption?
What type of cell is primarily involved in bone resorption?
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Which hormone increases blood calcium levels?
Which hormone increases blood calcium levels?
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Study Notes
Bone Marrow
- Bone marrow is a primary lymphoid organ.
- It produces red blood cells in adults.
- It contains yellow marrow for lipid storage.
DNA Replication
- DNA polymerase is involved in the replication of DNA.
- RNA polymerase, DNA ligase, DNA helicase, and Topoisomerase are not involved in DNA replication.
Apoptosis
- Characteristics of apoptosis include cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, plasma membrane blebbing, and caspase activation.
- Apoptosis does not involve an inflammatory response.
Respiratory System
- In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), residual volume is increased.
- Tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume are not increased in COPD.
Vitamins and Coagulation
- Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors.
- Vitamins A, B12, C, and D are not involved in clotting factor synthesis.
Blood Circulation
- The hepatic portal vein transports blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.
Bone Cells
- Osteoclasts are primarily involved in bone resorption.
- Osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, and myocytes are not involved in bone resorption.
Blood Cells
- Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte.
- Lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes are not granulocytes.
Hormones and Calcium Regulation
- Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels.
- Insulin, glucagon, calcitonin, and thyroxine do not increase blood calcium levels.
Kidney Structure and Function
- Bowman's capsule is the structure responsible for the filtration of blood in the kidney.
- The loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct are not involved in blood filtration.
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