Biology MCQs: Cells and DNA

Bone Marrow

• Bone marrow is a primary lymphoid organ.
• It produces red blood cells in adults.
• It contains yellow marrow for lipid storage.

DNA Replication

• DNA polymerase is involved in the replication of DNA.
• RNA polymerase, DNA ligase, DNA helicase, and Topoisomerase are not involved in DNA replication.

Apoptosis

• Characteristics of apoptosis include cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, plasma membrane blebbing, and caspase activation.
• Apoptosis does not involve an inflammatory response.

Respiratory System

• In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), residual volume is increased.
• Tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume are not increased in COPD.

Vitamins and Coagulation

• Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors.
• Vitamins A, B12, C, and D are not involved in clotting factor synthesis.

Blood Circulation

• The hepatic portal vein transports blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.

Bone Cells

• Osteoclasts are primarily involved in bone resorption.
• Osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, and myocytes are not involved in bone resorption.

Blood Cells

• Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte.
• Lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes are not granulocytes.

Hormones and Calcium Regulation

• Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels.
• Insulin, glucagon, calcitonin, and thyroxine do not increase blood calcium levels.

Kidney Structure and Function

• Bowman's capsule is the structure responsible for the filtration of blood in the kidney.
• The loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct are not involved in blood filtration.