Biology MCQs: Cells and DNA
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of bone marrow in adults?

  • To filter waste from the blood
  • To produce T cells
  • To store lipids
  • To produce red blood cells (correct)
  • What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

  • To unwind the double helix
  • To proofread new DNA strands
  • To synthesize new DNA strands
  • To form covalent bonds between nucleotides (correct)
  • What is a characteristic of apoptosis?

  • Uncontrolled cell growth
  • Cell swelling
  • Inflammation
  • DNA fragmentation (correct)
  • In a patient with COPD, which lung volume is likely to be increased?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hepatic portal vein transports blood to which organ?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is primarily involved in bone resorption?

    <p>Osteoclast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases blood calcium levels?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bone Marrow

    • Bone marrow is a primary lymphoid organ.
    • It produces red blood cells in adults.
    • It contains yellow marrow for lipid storage.

    DNA Replication

    • DNA polymerase is involved in the replication of DNA.
    • RNA polymerase, DNA ligase, DNA helicase, and Topoisomerase are not involved in DNA replication.

    Apoptosis

    • Characteristics of apoptosis include cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, plasma membrane blebbing, and caspase activation.
    • Apoptosis does not involve an inflammatory response.

    Respiratory System

    • In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), residual volume is increased.
    • Tidal volume, vital capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume are not increased in COPD.

    Vitamins and Coagulation

    • Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors.
    • Vitamins A, B12, C, and D are not involved in clotting factor synthesis.

    Blood Circulation

    • The hepatic portal vein transports blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.

    Bone Cells

    • Osteoclasts are primarily involved in bone resorption.
    • Osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, and myocytes are not involved in bone resorption.

    Blood Cells

    • Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte.
    • Lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes are not granulocytes.

    Hormones and Calcium Regulation

    • Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels.
    • Insulin, glucagon, calcitonin, and thyroxine do not increase blood calcium levels.

    Kidney Structure and Function

    • Bowman's capsule is the structure responsible for the filtration of blood in the kidney.
    • The loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct are not involved in blood filtration.

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    Description

    This quiz comprises multiple-choice questions about biology, focusing on cells, DNA, and related concepts. Test your knowledge of biology fundamentals!

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