Biology Macromolecules Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the 4 macromolecules?

  • Carbohydrates, sugars, vitamins, and minerals
  • Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins (correct)
  • Proteins, nucleotides, phospholipids, and RNA
  • Fats, oils, carbohydrates, and nucleotides

What is the element composition of a carbohydrate?

C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio

What are the functions of a carbohydrate?

Provide energy for body functions, build nucleic acids, and other structural functions

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

<p>Monosaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of monomers of a carbohydrate?

<p>Glucose, fructose, and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimer of a carbohydrate?

<p>Disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of dimers of a carbohydrate?

<p>Sucrose and lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?

<p>Polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of polymers of a carbohydrate?

<p>Starch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the element composition of lipids?

<p>C, H, O, and phospholipids have P</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of lipids?

<p>Energy source, padding and insulation, structural, hormones, and waterproofing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of lipids?

<p>Fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the polymers of lipids?

<p>Triglyceride, steroid, and phospholipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the element composition of nucleic acids?

<p>C, H, O, N, P</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

<p>Make proteins by storing genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

<p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of monomers of nucleic acids?

<p>Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

<p>DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the element composition of proteins?

<p>C, H, O, S, N</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of proteins?

<p>Structural, enzymes, transport, and antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of proteins?

<p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of monomers of proteins?

<p>Leucine and proline</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the polymer of proteins?

<p>Polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a polymer of a protein?

<p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Macromolecules

Large molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

Carbohydrates

Macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Carbohydrate Monomer

A single sugar molecule, such as glucose, fructose, or galactose.

Carbohydrate Dimer

Two sugar molecules bonded together, like sucrose or lactose.

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Carbohydrate Polymer

Many sugar molecules linked together, forming larger structures like starch, glycogen, chitin, or cellulose.

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Lipid

Macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (and sometimes phosphorus).

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Lipid Monomer

Fatty acid; the building block of lipids.

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Lipid Polymer

Larger lipid structures such as triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids.

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Nucleic Acid

Macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

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Nucleic Acid Monomer

Nucleotide; the building block of nucleic acids.

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Nucleic Acid Polymer

DNA and RNA are polymer examples.

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Protein

Macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

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Protein Monomer

Amino acid.

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Protein Polymer

Polypeptide chain.

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Element composition of Carbohydrates

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

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Functions of Carbohydrates

Provide energy and structure.

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Functions of Lipids

Energy storage, insulation, and cell membranes.

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Functions of Nucleic Acids

Store genetic instructions for making proteins.

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Functions of Proteins

Perform many functions, including structure, enzymes, and transport.

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Monomer of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

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Monomer of lipids

Fatty acids

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Monomer of proteins

Amino acids

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Monomer of nucleic acids

Nucleotides

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Study Notes

Macromolecules Overview

  • Four primary macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

Carbohydrates

  • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O) in a 1:2:1 ratio.
  • Main functions include providing energy, serving as building blocks for nucleic acids, and fulfilling structural roles.
  • Monomer: monosaccharide, with examples like glucose, fructose, and galactose.
  • Dimer: disaccharide, with examples including sucrose and lactose.
  • Polymer: polysaccharide, comprising starch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose.

Lipids

  • Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O), with phospholipids also containing phosphorus (P).
  • Serve multiple functions: energy source, insulation and padding, structural components, hormones, and creating water-proof barriers.
  • Monomer: fatty acid.
  • Key polymers include triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids.

Nucleic Acids

  • Element composition includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, H, O, N, P).
  • Essential for protein synthesis by storing and transmitting genetic information.
  • Monomer: nucleotide, with components like phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base.
  • Primary polymers are DNA and RNA.

Proteins

  • Comprised of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen (C, H, O, S, N).
  • Functions encompass structural support, enzyme activity, transport, and immune response (antibodies).
  • Monomer: amino acids, with examples including leucine and proline.
  • Polymer: polypeptide, an example being lactose.

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