Biology Macromolecules Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are the 4 macromolecules?

  • Carbohydrates, sugars, vitamins, and minerals
  • Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins (correct)
  • Proteins, nucleotides, phospholipids, and RNA
  • Fats, oils, carbohydrates, and nucleotides

    • What is the element composition of a carbohydrate?

    C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio

    What are the functions of a carbohydrate?

    Provide energy for body functions, build nucleic acids, and other structural functions

    What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

    <p>Monosaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of monomers of a carbohydrate?

    <p>Glucose, fructose, and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dimer of a carbohydrate?

    <p>Disaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of dimers of a carbohydrate?

    <p>Sucrose and lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?

    <p>Polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of polymers of a carbohydrate?

    <p>Starch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the element composition of lipids?

    <p>C, H, O, and phospholipids have P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of lipids?

    <p>Energy source, padding and insulation, structural, hormones, and waterproofing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monomer of lipids?

    <p>Fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the polymers of lipids?

    <p>Triglyceride, steroid, and phospholipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the element composition of nucleic acids?

    <p>C, H, O, N, P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of nucleic acids?

    <p>Make proteins by storing genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

    <p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of monomers of nucleic acids?

    <p>Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

    <p>DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the element composition of proteins?

    <p>C, H, O, S, N</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of proteins?

    <p>Structural, enzymes, transport, and antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monomer of proteins?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of monomers of proteins?

    <p>Leucine and proline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the polymer of proteins?

    <p>Polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a polymer of a protein?

    <p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Macromolecules

    Large molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

    Carbohydrates

    Macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

    Carbohydrate Monomer

    A single sugar molecule, such as glucose, fructose, or galactose.

    Carbohydrate Dimer

    Two sugar molecules bonded together, like sucrose or lactose.

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    Carbohydrate Polymer

    Many sugar molecules linked together, forming larger structures like starch, glycogen, chitin, or cellulose.

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    Lipid

    Macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (and sometimes phosphorus).

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    Lipid Monomer

    Fatty acid; the building block of lipids.

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    Lipid Polymer

    Larger lipid structures such as triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids.

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    Nucleic Acid

    Macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

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    Nucleic Acid Monomer

    Nucleotide; the building block of nucleic acids.

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    Nucleic Acid Polymer

    DNA and RNA are polymer examples.

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    Protein

    Macromolecule containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

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    Protein Monomer

    Amino acid.

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    Protein Polymer

    Polypeptide chain.

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    Element composition of Carbohydrates

    Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

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    Functions of Carbohydrates

    Provide energy and structure.

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    Functions of Lipids

    Energy storage, insulation, and cell membranes.

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    Functions of Nucleic Acids

    Store genetic instructions for making proteins.

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    Functions of Proteins

    Perform many functions, including structure, enzymes, and transport.

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    Monomer of carbohydrates

    monosaccharides

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    Monomer of lipids

    Fatty acids

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    Monomer of proteins

    Amino acids

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    Monomer of nucleic acids

    Nucleotides

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    Study Notes

    Macromolecules Overview

    • Four primary macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

    Carbohydrates

    • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O) in a 1:2:1 ratio.
    • Main functions include providing energy, serving as building blocks for nucleic acids, and fulfilling structural roles.
    • Monomer: monosaccharide, with examples like glucose, fructose, and galactose.
    • Dimer: disaccharide, with examples including sucrose and lactose.
    • Polymer: polysaccharide, comprising starch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose.

    Lipids

    • Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O), with phospholipids also containing phosphorus (P).
    • Serve multiple functions: energy source, insulation and padding, structural components, hormones, and creating water-proof barriers.
    • Monomer: fatty acid.
    • Key polymers include triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Element composition includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, H, O, N, P).
    • Essential for protein synthesis by storing and transmitting genetic information.
    • Monomer: nucleotide, with components like phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base.
    • Primary polymers are DNA and RNA.

    Proteins

    • Comprised of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen (C, H, O, S, N).
    • Functions encompass structural support, enzyme activity, transport, and immune response (antibodies).
    • Monomer: amino acids, with examples including leucine and proline.
    • Polymer: polypeptide, an example being lactose.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental macromolecules in biology with these flashcards. Discover the types, composition, functions, and monomers of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of biological molecules.

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