Biology Macromolecules Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the 4 macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, sugars, vitamins, and minerals

Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins (correct)

Proteins, nucleotides, phospholipids, and RNA

Fats, oils, carbohydrates, and nucleotides

What is the element composition of a carbohydrate?

C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio

What are the functions of a carbohydrate?

Provide energy for body functions, build nucleic acids, and other structural functions

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

Monosaccharide Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of monomers of a carbohydrate?

Glucose, fructose, and galactose Signup and view all the answers

What is the dimer of a carbohydrate?

Disaccharide Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of dimers of a carbohydrate?

Sucrose and lactose Signup and view all the answers

What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?

Polysaccharide Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of polymers of a carbohydrate?

Starch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the element composition of lipids?

C, H, O, and phospholipids have P Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of lipids?

Energy source, padding and insulation, structural, hormones, and waterproofing Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of lipids?

Fatty acid Signup and view all the answers

What are the polymers of lipids?

Triglyceride, steroid, and phospholipid Signup and view all the answers

What is the element composition of nucleic acids?

C, H, O, N, P Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

Make proteins by storing genetic information Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of monomers of nucleic acids?

Phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base Signup and view all the answers

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the element composition of proteins?

C, H, O, S, N Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of proteins?

Structural, enzymes, transport, and antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of proteins?

Amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of monomers of proteins?

Leucine and proline Signup and view all the answers

What is the polymer of proteins?

Polypeptide Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a polymer of a protein?

Lactose Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Macromolecules Overview

Four primary macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

Carbohydrates

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O) in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Main functions include providing energy, serving as building blocks for nucleic acids, and fulfilling structural roles.
Monomer: monosaccharide, with examples like glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Dimer: disaccharide, with examples including sucrose and lactose.
Polymer: polysaccharide, comprising starch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose.

Lipids

Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O), with phospholipids also containing phosphorus (P).
Serve multiple functions: energy source, insulation and padding, structural components, hormones, and creating water-proof barriers.
Monomer: fatty acid.
Key polymers include triglycerides, steroids, and phospholipids.

Nucleic Acids

Element composition includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, H, O, N, P).
Essential for protein synthesis by storing and transmitting genetic information.
Monomer: nucleotide, with components like phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base.
Primary polymers are DNA and RNA.

Proteins

Comprised of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen (C, H, O, S, N).
Functions encompass structural support, enzyme activity, transport, and immune response (antibodies).
Monomer: amino acids, with examples including leucine and proline.
Polymer: polypeptide, an example being lactose.

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Description

Explore the fundamental macromolecules in biology with these flashcards. Discover the types, composition, functions, and monomers of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of biological molecules.