Biology: Lipid Absorption Process in Epithelial Cells

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What is the main source of energy during fasting?

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Glucose

Lipids (correct)

During starvation, what process increases leading to a decrease in the need for glucose?

Glycolysis

Ketogenesis (correct)

Gluconeogenesis

Lipolysis

Which amino acid is used by enterocytes to form alanine?

Aspartate

Lysine

Glutamine (correct)

Threonine

What is the main substrate for gluconeogenesis during starvation?

Glycerol Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the BMR during starvation?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of excess Acetyl CoA produced from fatty acid breakdown during fasting?

Converted to ketone bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of the Krebs cycle in the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

When blood sugar levels drop, which process is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose-1-phosphate?

Glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the enzyme glycogen synthase in the process of glycogenesis?

To catalyze the attachment of glucose to the growing glycogen chain Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle in the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

$6$ ATP Signup and view all the answers

When glucose is available in excess, what process is responsible for the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage?

Glycogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate during the process of glycogenolysis?

Glycogen phosphorylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gluconeogenesis?

To convert fatty acids to glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lipids can be routinely oxidized for energy?

Triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of the oxidation of glycerol?

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

How much ATP energy can be harvested from the complete oxidation of glycerol?

15 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of beta-oxidation?

To break down fatty acid chains into acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

When does lipogenesis, the synthesis of triglycerides, occur?

When cellular ATP and glucose levels are high Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)?

To transport endogenous triglycerides from the liver to other tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chylomicrons?

To transport dietary triglycerides from the intestine to other tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of apolipoprotein B48 (APOB48) in chylomicron synthesis?

It serves as a structural protein for chylomicrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) in chylomicron synthesis?

It acts as a lipid transfer protein and chaperone for maintaining APOB48 structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of chylomicron synthesis in the intestine?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fatty acids are not incorporated into chylomicrons?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of absorption for chylomicrons?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing the triglycerides of chylomicrons in the bloodstream?

Lipoprotein lipase Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and monoglycerides within the epithelial cells?

Synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) from 2-MAG and a fatty acyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the final and committed step in the synthesis of triglycerides within the epithelial cells?

Synthesis of triglyceride (TAG) from DAG and a fatty acyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the fatty acids and glycerol released from the hydrolysis of chylomicron triglycerides?

They can pass through capillary walls to be used for energy or stored as fats Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates the activity of lipoprotein lipase?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers