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Questions and Answers
What is the scientific study of life in all of its diverse forms?
What is the scientific study of life in all of its diverse forms?
Biology
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?
- Ability to acquire materials and energy
- Ability to maintain an internal environment
- Ability to reproduce and develop
- Ability to fly (correct)
A cell is the smallest entity that can exhibit all characteristics of life.
A cell is the smallest entity that can exhibit all characteristics of life.
True (A)
Who examined the structure of thinly sliced cork and described small rectangular compartments called cellulae?
Who examined the structure of thinly sliced cork and described small rectangular compartments called cellulae?
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek call the living organisms he observed in pond water?
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek call the living organisms he observed in pond water?
The cell theory states that ___ known living things are made up of one or more cells.
The cell theory states that ___ known living things are made up of one or more cells.
Which German scientist theorized that all living things come from pre-existing living cells?
Which German scientist theorized that all living things come from pre-existing living cells?
Spontaneous generation is a principle supported by modern cell theory.
Spontaneous generation is a principle supported by modern cell theory.
Match the scientist with their contribution to cell theory:
Match the scientist with their contribution to cell theory:
What is the branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells?
What is the branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Living Organisms
- Biology studies the vast diversity of life forms and shared characteristics among living organisms.
- Key characteristics include:
- Levels of organization
- Ability to acquire materials and energy
- Maintenance of an internal environment (homeostasis)
- Response to stimuli
- Reproduction and development
- Adaptation and evolution to changing conditions
Cell Theory
- Cells are the fundamental units of structure and function in all living organisms.
- The smallest entity that exhibits all characteristics of life is a cell.
- Organisms can be unicellular (e.g., amoebas, bacteria) or multicellular (e.g., plants, animals).
- The human body consists of trillions of cells, including specialized types such as muscle and nerve cells.
Historical Contributions to Cell Theory
- Robert Hooke (1665)
- First to describe cells by observing cork under a microscope, calling them "cellulae".
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1676)
- Observed living organisms in pond water, referring to them as "animalcules".
- His single-lens microscopes provided up to 200x magnification, laying the groundwork for microbiology.
Formulation of the Cell Theory
- Matthias Schleiden (1838)
- Proposed that all plants are composed of cells.
- Theodor Schwann (1839)
- Concluded that all animals are composed of cells.
- Together, Schleiden and Schwann established that all living things are composed of cells.
- Rudolf Virchow (1858)
- Stated that all living cells arise from pre-existing cells, challenging the idea of spontaneous generation.
Postulates of the Cell Theory
- All known living things are made of one or more cells.
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells through division, rejecting spontaneous generation.
Modern Cell Theory
- Cells contain hereditary information passed during cell division.
- All cells share a similar chemical composition.
- All energy flow and metabolic processes occur within cells.
Key Terms
- Cell Biology: The branch of biology focused on the study of cell structure, function, and behavior.
- Cytology: The examination of single cells.
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