Biology Lesson 1 - Cell Theory and Diseases

Only 1-10% of bacteria have been discovered.

In cell division, a bacterium duplicates its DNA and splits in half to form two identical cells.

Spike proteins allow viruses to attach to specific host cell membranes and inject genetic material for replication.

<p>Antibiotics destroy or slow down the production of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single bacterium can reproduce in approximately 20-30 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first line of defense includes physical and chemical barriers that prevent pathogen entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The host cell dies and explodes, spreading the virus to other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The second line of defense involves macrophages that engulf foreign objects and lymphocytes that produce antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redi concluded that maggots do not arise from rotting meat but from larvae eggs laid on it by flies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The modern cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells and that cells come from pre-existing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells are unicellular and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are multicellular and possess a nucleus with membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens are microbes that cause diseases by infecting a host organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A zoonotic disease is one that primarily infects animals but can be transmitted to humans, often through a spillover event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pasteur found that boiling broth prevents microbial growth due to trapping dust and microbes in the flask's neck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors such as unhealthy lifestyle choices, including poor diet and lack of exercise, can contribute to the development of diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The One Health Theory emphasizes that human health is connected to environmental health and the health of other living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria gain the ability to resist drugs that are meant to kill them. It can be avoided by using antibiotics only against bacteria and completing all prescribed medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccines stimulate our immune system using weakened or dead forms of pathogens to prepare the body to fight off illnesses. They prevent disease but do not cure it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diseases can be transmitted through droplets, direct contact with people, and airborne aerosols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pandemic is a worldwide spread of disease, whereas an epidemic is a drastic increase in disease cases within a local community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global warming and increased traveling can lead to pandemics by facilitating the spread of pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population is vaccinated, providing indirect protection to unvaccinated individuals. This helps to limit the spread of infectious diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pandemics can lead to grief and loss of employment, affecting the overall well-being of communities. They can also result in a shortage of workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Washing hands after handling animals is an effective method of preventing illness. It removes pathogens that could cause disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers