Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the bacterial infection with its causative bacteria:
Match the bacterial infection with its causative bacteria:
Staph infections = Streptococcus Streptococcal infections = Staphylococcus aureus E.coli infections = Escherichia coli Salmonella infections = Salmonella
Match the bacterial infection with its symptoms:
Match the bacterial infection with its symptoms:
Strep throat = Fever, fatigue, inflammation Pneumonia = Difficulty breathing, pain Sepsis = Inflammation, fever Food poisoning = Nausea, vomiting
Match the bacterial infection with its mode of spread:
Match the bacterial infection with its mode of spread:
E.coli infections = Contaminated food or water Staph infections = Contact with infected people Salmonella infections = Contact with surfaces contaminated with bacteria Pneumococcal infections = Close contact with sick people
Match the bacterial infection with its treatment:
Match the bacterial infection with its treatment:
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Match the bacterial infection with its prevention method:
Match the bacterial infection with its prevention method:
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Match the bacterial infection with its complication:
Match the bacterial infection with its complication:
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Match the bacterial infection with its causative bacteria genus:
Match the bacterial infection with its causative bacteria genus:
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Match the bacterial infection with its affected body part:
Match the bacterial infection with its affected body part:
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Match the bacterial infection with its incubation period:
Match the bacterial infection with its incubation period:
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Match the bacterial infection with its severity:
Match the bacterial infection with its severity:
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Study Notes
Bacteria Structure
- Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- Their genetic material is located in a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm.
- Bacteria come in various shapes and sizes, including:
- Coccus: spherical or ovoid shaped bacteria (e.g. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus)
- Bacillus: rod-shaped bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli and Salmonella)
- Spirillum: spiral-shaped bacteria (e.g. Vibrio cholerae and Helicobacter pylori)
Bacterial Components
- Cell wall: a rigid outer layer made up of peptidoglycan, providing shape and support to the cell.
- Cell membrane: a semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell's cytoplasm from its environment and controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.
- Cytoplasm: a gel-like substance containing the cell's genetic material, ribosomes, and other cellular machinery.
- Flagella: long, whip-like structures that enable some bacteria to move around.
- Pili: short, hair-like structures that enable some bacteria to attach to surfaces and other cells.
- Capsule: a protective layer that surrounds the cell wall, helping some bacteria to evade the host's immune system.
Classification of Bacteria
- Bacteria are classified into different groups based on their physical and biochemical characteristics.
- Main groups of bacteria include:
- Gram-positive bacteria: thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, staining purple with Gram stain.
- Gram-negative bacteria: thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, staining pink with Gram stain.
- Cyanobacteria: photosynthetic, using chlorophyll to convert light energy into organic compounds.
- Spirochetes: spiral-shaped, with a flexible cell wall, and responsible for diseases like syphilis and Lyme disease.
- Chlamydia: obligate intracellular parasites, relying on the host cell for replication.
- Actinobacteria: filamentous structure, responsible for producing antibiotics like streptomycin and tetracycline.
Bacterial Infections
- Caused by harmful bacteria that invade the human body and cause a range of symptoms.
- Can affect any part of the body, including skin, respiratory system, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and bloodstream.
- Common types of bacterial infections include:
- Staph infections: caused by Staphylococcus aureus, causing skin infections, pneumonia, and sepsis.
- Streptococcal infections: caused by Streptococcus, causing strep throat, scarlet fever, and skin infections.
- E. coli infections: caused by Escherichia coli, causing food poisoning, urinary tract infections, and sepsis.
- Salmonella infections: caused by Salmonella, causing food poisoning, gastroenteritis, and typhoid fever.
- Pneumococcal infections: caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, causing pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
- Symptoms of bacterial infections can include fever, fatigue, inflammation, pain, and difficulty breathing.
- Treatment usually involves antibiotics, which must be taken exactly as prescribed and for the full duration to ensure all bacteria are eliminated.
- Prevention can be achieved through good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick people, and avoiding sharing personal items.
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics of bacteria, including their prokaryotic nature, shape, and size. It is based on Lab 1 of a first-class, second-semester biology practical course.
