Biology: Introduction and Definition
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Questions and Answers

What is the mass number or atomic mass of an element?

  • The number of electrons
  • The number of protons
  • The number of protons plus the number of neutrons (correct)
  • The number of neutrons

    • Which best defines an isotope?

  • Forms of an element with different numbers of protons and electrons
  • Different elements with varying atomic numbers
  • Elements with varying number of electrons
  • Forms of the same element with different numbers of protons but same number of neutrons (correct)

    • What is the most common isotope of carbon?

  • Carbon-12 (correct)
  • Carbon-6
  • Carbon-14
  • Carbon-8

    • Which elements are part of the major classes of biological macromolecules?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecule provides energy to the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula representing carbohydrates?

    <p>(CH2O)n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of biology?

    <p>Studying life and living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of life in all living organisms?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In multicellular organisms, what do similar cells form together?

    <p>Tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lists the levels of organization in increasing complexity?

    <p>Molecules, Macromolecules, Cells, Biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains distinct internal compartments in cells and keeps them separated from external threats?

    <p>Cell organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of a fat molecule, such as a triglyceride?

    <p>Glycerol and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fats are solid at room temperature?

    <p>Saturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major constituent of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are fatty acid chains considered hydrophobic?

    <p>They exclude themselves from water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of phospholipids in terms of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity?

    <p>Fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and phosphate groups are hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the fatty acids of phospholipids face in the cell membrane?

    <p>Inside, away from water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of proteins in biological systems?

    <p>Serve as structural components and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule carries the genetic blueprint of a cell?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a protein when subjected to changes in temperature or pH?

    <p>It undergoes denaturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of macromolecule has a ring structure with four linked carbon rings?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is denaturation of a protein?

    <p>A reversible change in the shape of the protein due to external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of nucleic acids in living organisms?

    <p>Carry genetic instructions and information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an organ system?

    <p>A group of organs that work together to perform major functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metabolism?

    <p>All chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of cells and organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anabolism?

    <p>Combining smaller, simpler molecules into larger, more complex substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is catabolism?

    <p>Breaking down larger, more complex substances into smaller, simpler molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an organism?

    <p>An individual living thing that carries on activities of life by means of organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a community?

    <p>All different living things in the same place at the same time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes living organisms from nonliving objects?

    <p>Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of organization levels in increasing complexity for body structures?

    <p>Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organization involves the formation of tissues by collaborating similar cells?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains distinct internal compartments in cells?

    <p>Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level of organization do cells work together to form organ systems?

    <p>Organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental level of organization below macromolecules?

    <p>Subatomic particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass number of Carbon-14?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are organic and make up the majority of a cell's mass?

    <p>Oxygen, Sulfur, Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of biological macromolecules provides energy to the body through glucose?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are found in Carbon-12?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that distinguishes isotopes from each other?

    <p>Atomic Mass Number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the formula (CH2O)n for carbohydrates, what does 'n' represent?

    <p>Variable number of repeating units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of anabolism in metabolism?

    <p>Combining smaller, simpler molecules into larger, more complex substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organization includes all the different living things (organisms) in the same place at the same time?

    <p>Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an ecosystem, what do the non-living factors (abiotic) include?

    <p>All the living things and the non-living factors in the same place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does catabolism involve in terms of chemical reactions?

    <p>Releasing energy and breaking down larger substances into simpler ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a group of organs that work together to perform major functions in the body?

    <p>Organ system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of biosphere?

    <p>The part of Earth's surface where living things can be found</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules have a ring structure with four linked carbon rings?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule may serve as structural, regulatory, contractile, protective, or toxin functions?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of irreversible denaturation of a protein?

    <p>Loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule carries the genetic blueprint of a cell?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

    <p>DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the functions of proteins very diverse?

    <p>Because they have unique sequences of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a tissue and an organ?

    <p>A tissue is a group of similar cells, while an organ is composed of multiple tissue types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organization consists of two or more tissue types working together?

    <p>Organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an organelle within a cell?

    <p>Performing specific functions within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of organization, what differentiates an ecosystem from a community?

    <p>An ecosystem includes abiotic factors, while a community consists only of biotic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an atom from a molecule in terms of composition?

    <p>An atom is the smallest unit of matter, while a molecule is made up of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes cells from tissues in terms of structure?

    <p>Cells are the smallest unit of life, while tissues are groups of similar cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organization is not a characteristic that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving objects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organs work independently in multicellular organisms to carry out specific functions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecules are made up of subatomic particles, atoms, and cells in the fundamental levels of organization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Homeostasis is the term used to describe the ability of living organisms to move and adapt to their environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ecosystem is a level of organization that is more complex than an organism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In multicellular organisms, tissues are formed by collaborating similar molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organelle is a small part formed by molecules, inside a cell that has a specific functional or structural purpose.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All living structures of human anatomy contain only atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tissue is a group of many different random cells working together.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organ is composed of a single tissue type.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells are the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atoms are made up of subatomic particles such as the proton, electron, and neutron.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All steroids have five linked carbon rings.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organism is a group of organs that work together to perform major functions in the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins are always irreversible after denaturation occurs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biosphere is the part of the earth's surface where living things cannot be found.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA is the only type of nucleic acid found in living organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metabolism involves only one type of reaction, either anabolism or catabolism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RNA is mainly involved in energy storage within cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anabolism is the process where larger, complex substances are broken down into simpler molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins may serve as toxins or enzymes, among other functions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Catabolism releases energy during the breakdown of larger, complex substances.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol is an example of a steroid with a short tail.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ecosystem only consists of living organisms (biotic factors) in a specific place at a specific time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phospholipids are the main component of the plasma membrane.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fatty acids consist of a long chain of hydrocarbons and a basic amino group.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The third carbon of the glycerol backbone in phospholipids is linked to a phosphate group.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unsaturated triglycerides are called oils and are solid at room temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phosphate group in phospholipids is hydrophobic and excludes itself from water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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