90 Questions
What is the mass number or atomic mass of an element?
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons
Which best defines an isotope?
Forms of the same element with different numbers of protons but same number of neutrons
What is the most common isotope of carbon?
Carbon-12
Which elements are part of the major classes of biological macromolecules?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Which type of molecule provides energy to the body?
Carbohydrates
What is the general formula representing carbohydrates?
(CH2O)n
What is the main focus of biology?
Studying life and living organisms
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?
Decomposition
What is the basic unit of life in all living organisms?
Cells
In multicellular organisms, what do similar cells form together?
Tissues
Which of the following lists the levels of organization in increasing complexity?
Molecules, Macromolecules, Cells, Biosphere
What maintains distinct internal compartments in cells and keeps them separated from external threats?
Cell organization
What are the main components of a fat molecule, such as a triglyceride?
Glycerol and fatty acids
Which type of fats are solid at room temperature?
Saturated fats
What is the major constituent of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids
Why are fatty acid chains considered hydrophobic?
They exclude themselves from water
What is the main characteristic of phospholipids in terms of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity?
Fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and phosphate groups are hydrophilic
Where do the fatty acids of phospholipids face in the cell membrane?
Inside, away from water
What is the main function of proteins in biological systems?
Serve as structural components and enzymes
Which macromolecule carries the genetic blueprint of a cell?
Nucleic Acids
What happens to a protein when subjected to changes in temperature or pH?
It undergoes denaturation
Which type of macromolecule has a ring structure with four linked carbon rings?
Lipids
What is denaturation of a protein?
A reversible change in the shape of the protein due to external factors
What is the main role of nucleic acids in living organisms?
Carry genetic instructions and information
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to perform major functions
What is metabolism?
All chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of cells and organisms
What is anabolism?
Combining smaller, simpler molecules into larger, more complex substances
What is catabolism?
Breaking down larger, more complex substances into smaller, simpler molecules
What is an organism?
An individual living thing that carries on activities of life by means of organs
What is a community?
All different living things in the same place at the same time
What distinguishes living organisms from nonliving objects?
Organization
What is the correct order of organization levels in increasing complexity for body structures?
Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems
Which level of organization involves the formation of tissues by collaborating similar cells?
Cells
What maintains distinct internal compartments in cells?
Organization
At what level of organization do cells work together to form organ systems?
Organs
What is the fundamental level of organization below macromolecules?
Subatomic particles
What is the mass number of Carbon-14?
14
Which elements are organic and make up the majority of a cell's mass?
Oxygen, Sulfur, Carbon
Which class of biological macromolecules provides energy to the body through glucose?
Carbohydrates
How many protons are found in Carbon-12?
6
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes isotopes from each other?
Atomic Mass Number
In the formula (CH2O)n for carbohydrates, what does 'n' represent?
Variable number of repeating units
What is the function of anabolism in metabolism?
Combining smaller, simpler molecules into larger, more complex substances
Which level of organization includes all the different living things (organisms) in the same place at the same time?
Community
In an ecosystem, what do the non-living factors (abiotic) include?
All the living things and the non-living factors in the same place
What does catabolism involve in terms of chemical reactions?
Releasing energy and breaking down larger substances into simpler ones
Which term describes a group of organs that work together to perform major functions in the body?
Organ system
What is the main characteristic of biosphere?
The part of Earth's surface where living things can be found
What type of molecules have a ring structure with four linked carbon rings?
Lipids
Which macromolecule may serve as structural, regulatory, contractile, protective, or toxin functions?
Proteins
What is the consequence of irreversible denaturation of a protein?
Loss of function
Which macromolecule carries the genetic blueprint of a cell?
Nucleic Acids
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Why are the functions of proteins very diverse?
Because they have unique sequences of amino acids
What is the main difference between a tissue and an organ?
A tissue is a group of similar cells, while an organ is composed of multiple tissue types.
Which level of organization consists of two or more tissue types working together?
Organism
What is the primary function of an organelle within a cell?
Performing specific functions within the cell
In terms of organization, what differentiates an ecosystem from a community?
An ecosystem includes abiotic factors, while a community consists only of biotic factors.
What distinguishes an atom from a molecule in terms of composition?
An atom is the smallest unit of matter, while a molecule is made up of atoms.
What characteristic distinguishes cells from tissues in terms of structure?
Cells are the smallest unit of life, while tissues are groups of similar cells.
Organization is not a characteristic that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving objects.
False
Organs work independently in multicellular organisms to carry out specific functions.
False
Molecules are made up of subatomic particles, atoms, and cells in the fundamental levels of organization.
False
Homeostasis is the term used to describe the ability of living organisms to move and adapt to their environment.
False
An ecosystem is a level of organization that is more complex than an organism.
True
In multicellular organisms, tissues are formed by collaborating similar molecules.
False
Organelle is a small part formed by molecules, inside a cell that has a specific functional or structural purpose.
True
All living structures of human anatomy contain only atoms.
False
A tissue is a group of many different random cells working together.
False
An organ is composed of a single tissue type.
False
Cells are the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism.
True
Atoms are made up of subatomic particles such as the proton, electron, and neutron.
True
All steroids have five linked carbon rings.
False
An organism is a group of organs that work together to perform major functions in the body.
False
Proteins are always irreversible after denaturation occurs.
False
The biosphere is the part of the earth's surface where living things cannot be found.
False
DNA is the only type of nucleic acid found in living organisms.
False
Metabolism involves only one type of reaction, either anabolism or catabolism.
False
RNA is mainly involved in energy storage within cells.
False
Anabolism is the process where larger, complex substances are broken down into simpler molecules.
False
Proteins may serve as toxins or enzymes, among other functions.
True
Catabolism releases energy during the breakdown of larger, complex substances.
True
Cholesterol is an example of a steroid with a short tail.
True
The ecosystem only consists of living organisms (biotic factors) in a specific place at a specific time.
False
Phospholipids are the main component of the plasma membrane.
True
Saturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature.
False
Fatty acids consist of a long chain of hydrocarbons and a basic amino group.
False
The third carbon of the glycerol backbone in phospholipids is linked to a phosphate group.
True
Unsaturated triglycerides are called oils and are solid at room temperature.
False
The phosphate group in phospholipids is hydrophobic and excludes itself from water.
False
Learn the fundamental concepts of biology, including the definition of biology as the study of life and living organisms. Understand the key characteristics that differentiate living organisms from nonliving objects.
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