Biology: Integrative Biology and Genomics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of creating your own maps rather than memorizing someone else's maps?

To develop your own critical thinking and organizational skills (correct)

To improve your ability to memorize complex information

To create a visually appealing map

To get a better understanding of the instructor's perspective

What is the purpose of writing terms on individual slips of paper or small sticky notes?

To make the map more difficult to understand

To create a permanent record of the terms

To make the map more visually appealing

To allow for easy rearrangement of the map (correct)

What should you do if you find that some terms seem to belong to more than one group?

Leave the term out of the map

Make a note of it, as it will probably have several arrows pointing to it or leading away from it (correct)

Delete the duplicate term

Duplicate the term in each group

What is the purpose of using color in a map?

To indicate similar items Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the free concept mapping software available online?

CmapTools Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating a structure-function map?

Write out the terms to map Signup and view all the answers

What do the emergent properties of a system result from?

Complex, nonlinear interactions of the different components Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of physiology?

The integration of function across many levels of organization Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an emergent property in a complex system?

The ability of a car to transport people Signup and view all the answers

What do the fields of functional genomics, systems biology, and integrative biology fundamentally belong to?

Physiology Signup and view all the answers

What is illustrated in Figure 1.1?

The levels of organization from molecular to biosphere Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is not found inside the cell membrane?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the terms on the left and right columns of the organized terms?

Presence of membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi?

Modifying and packaging proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is the control center of the cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge faced by terrestrial organisms, including humans?

Constantly losing internal water to the dry air Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the internal environment of the body that surrounds cells?

Extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of extracellular fluid in the body?

It serves as a buffer zone between cells and the outside world Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid?

Extracellular fluid is outside cells, while intracellular fluid is inside cells Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the process of maintaining a stable internal environment?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the physiological processes that have evolved to maintain the composition of extracellular fluid?

To maintain a stable internal environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of mass balance also known as?

Mass equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of a substance in the body?

Body's load Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of substances in the body?

External environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the result if the amount of a substance in the body is not balanced?

Mass balance is disrupted Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a substance that is produced internally through metabolism?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of maintaining mass balance in the body?

To maintain homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Emergent Properties in Complex Systems

Complex systems, including those in the human body, possess emergent properties that cannot be predicted by the knowledge of individual components.
Emergent properties result from complex, nonlinear interactions of the system's components.

Levels of Organization

FIGURE 1.1 illustrates levels of organization ranging from molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.

Physiology and Integrative Biology

Physiology is an integrative science that focuses on the integration of function across many levels of organization.
Functional genomics, systems biology, and integrative biology are all fields of physiology.

Mapping Techniques

Mapping is a useful technique for understanding complex systems.
Hints for creating maps include:
- Write terms on individual slips of paper or sticky notes.
- Arrange terms in groups that are similar.
- Use color to indicate similar items.
- Add pictures and graphs that are associated with specific terms.

Cellular Components

Cellular components include:
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Golgi apparatus

Homeostasis and Internal Environment

Terrestrial organisms face the challenge of dehydration due to constant water loss to the dry air.
Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
The internal environment of the body is the watery internal environment that surrounds cells, also known as the extracellular fluid (ECF).

Mass Balance and Homeostasis

The law of mass balance states that if the amount of a substance in the body is to remain constant, any gain must be offset by an equal loss.
The human body is an open system that exchanges heat and materials with the outside environment to maintain homeostasis and mass balance.

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Description

Explore the new areas of biological research, including functional genomics, systems biology, and integrative biology. Understand the significance of proteins in cellular functioning.