Biology Homeostasis Quiz

Basic Occupational Safety and Health (BOSH)

• BOSH is a discipline with a broad scope involving three major fields: Occupational Safety (OS), Occupational Health (OH), and Industrial Hygiene.
• Occupational Safety (OS) deals with understanding causes of work accidents and preventing unsafe acts and conditions.
• Occupational Health (OH) explains how workplace hazards cause illness, emphasizing the importance of health programs for controlling work-related diseases.
• Industrial Hygiene involves identifying, evaluating, and controlling physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards.

DOLE OSH Framework

• Includes the Department of Labor & Employment (DOLE) with Policy Regulation.
• Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) provides technical services, research, and training.
• Bureau of Working Conditions (BWC) formulates policies.
• DOLE Regional Offices handle enforcement and implementation.
• Includes regional clusters (Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao).

Course Objectives (Basic Occupational Safety and Health)

• Terminal Objective: To provide participants with the basic knowledge and skills in Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) enabling Safety Officers to develop and implement company-wide safety and health programs.
• Specific Objectives:
  • Identify existing and potential safety/health hazards, and their effects on the human body.
  • Relate occupational illnesses and accidents to individuals, families, communities, and workplaces.
  • Determine appropriate control measures for specific hazards.
  • Describe the importance of OSH communication (training and meetings).
  • Explain the Roles of Safety Officers in the overall management of OSH programs.
  • Identify the components of an OSH program.
  • Develop a workplace-specific OSH re-entry plan.

What is Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)?

• A broad discipline with three major fields: Occupational Safety (OS), Occupational Health (OH), and Industrial Hygiene.
• Occupational Safety: Aims to understand the causes of accidents at work, prevent unsafe acts and working conditions.
• Occupational Health: Focuses on how work-related activities can lead to health issues, emphasizes crucial health programs.
• Industrial Hygiene: Centers on identifying, evaluating, and controlling different hazards to prevent illnesses or health issues linked to work.

Focus of Occupational Safety & Health

• Environmental Factors: Including Material, Method, Machine, and Environment.
• Personal Factors: Relating to the individual worker.
• Job Factors: Including task's nature, workload, and others.

BOSH Framework

• Why the need for OSH? Including OSH Situationer and Roles of Safety Officers.
• Workplace Risk Assessment including Hazards Identification, Evaluation of Risks & Hazards, and Control Measures.
• Communicating OSH including Training of Trainers.
• Accident Causation: Risky Workplace and Risky Workers, including Dangerous Occurrences, Imminent Danger Situations, and Accident Investigation.
• OSH Inspection: Including Conduct of OSH Inspection.

OSH Situationer (Module 1)

• Participants gain understanding of the current Philippine OSH situation.
• Participants describe current OSH situation in their workplaces.
• Participants enumerate the roles of safety officers in OSH implementation.
• Participants identify the steps/processes and risk assessment.
• Participants define unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions.

Why The Need For OSH?

• Every worker deserves a safe and healthy workplace.

Global OSH Data (ILO Report)

• Number of work-related deaths increased from 2.33 million in 2014 to 2.78 million in 2017.
• 7,500 people die daily due to unsafe working conditions.
• 6,500 die from work-related diseases.
• 1,000 die in work-related accidents.

The OSH Situation

• Trends point towards an increase in Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and mental health disorders.

ILO Philippines (Safety and Health At Work)

• Two million workers die annually from work-related accidents and illnesses.
• 2.2 million Filipinos in medium and large enterprises benefit from OSH protection, while 38.8 million workers don't.

OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND DISEASES (OID): 2019

• A total of 37,513 occupational accidents in all industries in the Philippines in 2019 were reported.
• About 10.9 percent(4,186) of the establishments employing 20 or more workers experienced work-related accidents.
• Open Wounds were the most common type of occupational injury in 2019.
• Occupational diseases, like Back Pain, Neck-Shoulder Pain, and Occupational Dermatitis were common.
• Manufacturing contributed the highest share (42.7%) of occupational injuries.

Commuting Accidents

• 5,899 commuting accidents and 6,170 workers were injured.
• Accidents occurred on the habitual routes of workers to/from work or training.

OSH Issues and Concerns

• Low compliance to OSH standards.
• Limited coverage of OSH standards.
• Absence of strict penalties.
• Fragmented OSH administration.
• Outdated OSH standards.

DO 198-2018 - EFFECTIVITY

• Department Order No. 198 series of 2018.
• Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 11058.
• Implementing Rules and Regulations strengthening compliance standards with Occupational Safety and Health standards.

Cost of the Accident (Iceberg Theory)

• Any workplace accident has both direct and indirect costs.
• Direct costs include lost time, extra wages/overtime, medical costs, production delays, fines, and legal fees.
• Indirect costs encompass damage to products, plant, buildings, tools, investigation time, excess insurance claims, and loss of business reputation.

Why NOT OSH?

• Responsibility to self—personal safety.
• Responsibility to family- impacting family.
• Responsibility to co-workers - preventing endangerment of others.
• Productivity and health of the company - impact on efficiency.

Roles of Safety Officer

• Objectives to develop effective programs for safety engineering and industrial hygiene within the workplace, safety inspection personnel, safety training programs, ensuring accident reduction.
• Duties include maintaining safety records, coordinating supervisor actions to eliminate accident causes, coordinating health & safety training, quarterly appraisals of programs, responsibility and reporting directly to the employer.

Introduction to HIRAC

• An overview of the risk assessment

Objectives of HIRAC

• Understand hazards & their classification in the workplace.
• Assess or measure the impact to the occupation of the organization.
• Develop a preventive approach to establish safe job procedures.

What is a Risk Assessment (HIRAC)?

• Identify hazards and risk factors.
• Analyze and evaluate the risks.
• Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the risk

When to create HIRAC?

• High frequency of accidents.
• Increase in near misses.
• History of serious accidents/fatalities.
• Potential for serious harm.
• New jobs/equipment.
• Changes in procedures or standards.

Five Steps to Risk Assessment

• Identify hazards.
• Decide who might be harmed and how.
• Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions.
• Record your significant findings.
• Review your assessment and update if necessary.

Hazard Identification

• Identify hazardous agents (situations, products) that can cause accidents or illnesses.
• Identify potentially exposed workers to the identified hazards.

Workplace Hazards - Types

• Safety Hazard: Potential for harm or injury (e.g., tripping hazards, sharp objects).
• Health Hazard: Can cause illness or ill health (e.g., chemical fumes, poor ventilation).

Decide Who Might Be Harmed

• Identify groups of people potentially affected by the hazard

Evaluate the Risks and Decide on Precautions

• Putting risk assessment into practice improves safety and business-related issues.
• Keep risk assessment results short, clear, and easy to understand (KISS).

Risk Ranking/Prioritization

• Probability Matrix: Ranks hazards based on their likelihood of occurrence (low, medium, high).
• Severity Matrix: Ranks hazards based on potential severity if hazard occurs (low, medium, high).

Record Findings and Implement

• Decide what to do about the hazard to protect people from harm.
• The law requires doing everything reasonably practicable to protect people from accidents.

Hierarchy of Controls

• Elimination: Removing the hazard entirely.
• Substitution: Replacing the hazard with a safer alternative.
• Engineering Controls: Isolating people from the hazard.
• Administrative Controls: Changing how people work.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Protecting workers.

Review Your Risk Assessment

• Assess for recent changes.
• Evaluate for necessary improvements.
• See if workers have identified problems.
• Analyze lessons learned from previous accidents/near misses.

Clear Points (HIRAC)

• HIRAC implementation can involve both experienced and inexperienced workers.
• No single way to determine all risk levels or risks for all situations. The plan should be tailored to the individual workplace.

Causes of Accidents (Unsafe Acts & Conditions)

• Defines unsafe or unhealthy acts and conditions

Accident

• An unexpected, unforeseen, unplanned and unwanted event resulting in damage, loss of materials, or injury/death.

Incident

• A dangerous condition or event that could lead to an accident.

Hazard & Risk

• Hazard: A source or situation with potential harm.
• Risk: The likelihood of a hazard causing harm, plus the severity of the harm.

Unsafe Acts

• Unaware, unable, or unmotivated actions (e.g., operating equipment without authorization, removing safety devices, improper use of PPE).

Unsafe Conditions

• Unnoticed or uncorrected conditions increasing the chances of accidents (e.g., inadequate guards, blocked exits, slippery floors).

Mr. Heinrich's Survey

• 98% of accidents are preventable.

Heinrich's Domino Model of Accident Causation

• Unsafe acts/conditions start a chain reaction leading to an accident.

Accident Causation

• Refers to the primary reasons behind an accident.

Domino Theory

• A sequence leading to injury and needs an understanding of cause and effect.
• Accidents are not random or isolated events but a result influenced by multiple factors like unsafe actions or conditions.

Clear Points (Accident Causation)

• Every workplace has different hazards and risk levels needing tailored OSH responses.
• Safety officers have a prominent role in implementing safety programs in companies.
• Several strategies exist to identify health hazards in different workplaces.

Clear Points (Accidents and Injuries)

• Accidents and injuries often lead to significant losses.
• Early identification of unsafe and unhealthy acts and conditions can prevent accidents.
• Workplace risk assessment is necessary for preventing accidents by identifying, evaluating, and controlling identified risks.

Workplace Safety Hazards (Examples)

• Poor housekeeping, fire hazards, use of machines, working with electricity, material handling and storage.

Poor Housekeeping

• Messy workplaces frequently cause accidents, low morale, low productivity, and increased risk of fire.

Signs of Disorder (Poor Housekeeping)

• Cluttered, poorly arranged areas.
• Untidy piling of materials.
• Presence of needless items or excess items.
• Blocked aisles and exits.
• Dusty floors and work surfaces, Tools and Equipment left in work areas
• Overflowing containers, Overcrowded/disorderly shelves.
• Presence of spills and leaks.

Accidents from Poor Housekeeping (Examples)

• Tripping over loose objects.
• Being hit by falling objects.
• Slipping on greasy surfaces.
• Electrocution from exposed wires.
• Fire incidents.

Fire Hazard

• Defined as workplace hazards that involve flames or increase the probability or severity of uncontrolled fires.

Fire

• The active principle of burning which is characterized by the heat and light of combustion.
• A rapid oxidation process involving varying intensities of light and heat.

Common Fire Losses

• Loss of customers.
• Loss of capital investment.
• Loss of revenue from finished products.
• Loss of trained personnel.
• Costs of hiring temporary replacement workers.
• Losses of valuable records.
• Inability to defend against unfair claims.

The Fire Tetrahedron

• The four components (fuel, oxygen, heat) needed for combustion.
• Includes sources of materials such as bulk/dust, solid materials, liquid fuels, gases.

Important Points of Liquid Fuels

• Explains the concept of flashpoint differences between flammable and combustible liquids related to safety risks.

Classes of Fire

• Categorizes fires into classes (A, B, C, D, K) based on the type of fuel involved and describes the most appropriate fire extinguishers.
• A (wood, paper, cloth); B (flammable liquids); C (energized electrical equipment); D (combustible metals); K (cooking oils).

Mode of Fire Propagation (Heat Transfer)

• Conduction: Heat transfer through direct physical contact.
• Convection: Heat transfer through circulating gases.
• Radiation: Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves.

Fire Development & Behavior

• Incipient (Ignition) Stage: The point where the four elements of the fire tetrahedron come together and materials reach their ignition temperatures.
• Growth Stage: The fire starts to grow and spread as other combustibles reach their ignition temperatures.
• Flashover: Sudden rapid increase in fire intensity and smoke visibility.
• Fully Developed (Free-burning Stage): The stage at which everything in the fire boundaries is burning.

Causes of Fire Deaths

• Faulty or overloaded electrical systems.
• Open flames and candles.
• Neglected electrical devices.
• LPG, smoking, matches
• Lightning and sparks.
• Friction and spontaneous combustion.

Fire Prevention

• Preventing uncontrolled fires through preventative measures, aiming for better safety, reduced fire damages, and minimizing tragedies.

Electrical Hazard

• A serious workplace hazard exposing workers to burns, electrocution, shock or other hazards.

Electricity & Its Kind

• Electricity is the flow of electrons.
• Alternating Current (AC), and Direct Current (DC) are the two types of currents.

Conductors & Insulators

• Conductor: A material allowing easy electron flow.
• Insulator: A material hindering electron flow.

Main Hazards With Electricity

• Contact with live parts leads to shocks.
• Faults can lead to fires.
• Fires or explosions occur due to sparks or electricity ignition of flammable atmospheres.

Electrical Accidents

• Direct: Electrocutions and burns, due to electrical shocks.
• Indirect: Falls and fires caused due to electrical equipment malfunctioning.

Clues That Electrical Hazards Exist

• Tripped circuit breakers.
• Warm tools, wires, or connections.
• Circuit breakers.
• Worn or frayed insulation.

Electricity & Water

• Water amplifies the risk of electrical shock.

Electrical Fire

• Causes of electrical fires involve short circuits, electrical arcing, Sparks, Overloading, faulty and misused electrical equipment.

Flow of Current Through the Body

• The dangers of electricity depend on factors such as; voltage, conductivity, and resistance of the material, area of contact, and duration of shock.

OSH Standard Rule 1210

• Employers must train employees in safe electrical work practices using equipment.
• Training rules distinguish between workers and authorized personnel.

Machine Hazard

• Hazards resulting from powered or manual tools, equipment, or machinery

Where Mechanical Hazard Occurs

• Point of Operation (e.g. punching, shearing).
• Other Moving Parts (e.g. rotating and fixed parts).
• Power Transmission

In-Running Nips Point Hazard

• Hazards caused by rotating parts that contact each other.
• Nips can occur between rotating and fixed parts, generating shearing/crushing/abrading actions.

Causes of Machine-Related Accidents

• Workers making unwanted contacts with moving parts.
• Objects flying from the machine.
• Machine malfunctioning, including electrical and mechanical energy source failures.
• Workpiece movements during forming/cutting processes.
• All of these can result in serious injuries

Causes of Machine Related Accidents (Causes)

• Trained personnel loss, loss of productivity.
• Damaged equipment.
• Exposure to hazards due to inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or skin absorption.
• Toxic/corrosive chemicals.
• Airborne substances.

Material Handling

• A technique involving lifting, moving, and storing materials using people or equipment.
• ILO reports 20%-50% of work accidents are linked to material handling hazards.

Types of Material Handling

• Manual: Using human strength for lifting and moving materials.
• Mechanical: Using machinery/equipment for handling bulky/heavy items.

Hazards Associated With Material Handling

• Repeated/sustained/high force motions.
• Awkward/static postures.
• Repetitive movements.
• Exposure to vibration.
• Handling people/animals.
• Unstable/unbalanced load handling
• Workers being hit by materials.
• Being caught/crushed in pinch points.
• Exceeding load limits.
• Falling caused by improper storage of materials.

General Hazards Related to Storage

• Fires and explosions (e.g., from pressure release, chemical reactivity).
• Unsafe or top-heavy racking.
• Smoking near flammable materials.
• Storing liquid petroleum gas inappropriately.
• Ladders with defects.
• Stacking items unsafely on shelves
• Inadequate lighting
• Lack of routine cleaning

Clear Points (General Hazards)

• Deteriorating housekeeping is the initial sign of declining safety and wellness in a workplace program.
• Regularly performing lifting/moving activities can lead to disabling injuries and deaths.
• For fire, three factors are necessary: Fuel, Heat, and Oxygen.

Clear Points (Mechanical Hazards)

• Mechanical hazards are prevalent during point-of-operation activities; power transmission component operation; and operation of exposed machine components.
• Hazard prevention involves safe design, proper procedures, maintenance, and servicing of equipment.

Workplace Health Hazards

• Discusses objectives for explaining the principles of industrial hygiene and identifying health hazards.

Industrial Hygiene

• The science that anticipates, identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards in workplaces to protect workers' health and well-being.

Concerns of Industrial Hygiene

• Detecting, measuring, and assessing workplace hazards.
• Creating plans/implementing solutions to improve workplace environments.
• Protecting the health and prosperity of workers and their communities.

Company Responsibilities (Workplace Safety)

• Establishing a safe working environment.
• Creating a safe work system.
• Providing appropriate employee welfare facilities.
• Providing information, training, and employee supervision for safety from injuries.

Employees' Responsibilities (Workplace Safety)

• Taking care of maintaining personal health and safety in the workplace.
• Adhering to company health and safety guidelines, including proper PPE use.

Role of Safety Officer

• Classifying workplace health hazards.

What are Health Hazards?

• Any agent or activity posing potential harm to health.
• Includes organisms, chemicals, conditions, or circumstances causing illness.

How are Health Hazards Identified?

• Conducting walk-through or ocular inspections.
• Reviewing workplace procedures.
• Identifying raw materials, by-products, and final products.
• Gathering worker complaints.
• Consulting Safety Data Sheets (SDS).

Health Hazards Classification

• Physical Hazard: Includes noise, vibration, illumination, temperature extremes, radiation, and pressure.
• Chemical Hazard: Covers dusts, gases, vapors, fumes, and mists.
• Biological Hazard: Addresses viruses, bacteria, fungi, and insects.
• Ergonomic Hazard includes psychosocial and physiological factors like stress and repetitive movements.

Factors Determining Disease Development (Health Hazards)

• Personal Factors: Age, health habits, reproductive status, and medical history.
• Job Factors: Duration of exposure, concentration of agents, route of exposure, workplace hygiene, and safety measures in place.

Chemical Hazard

• Includes substances that cause health problems upon ingestion or inhalation.

Chemical Hazard (Workplace)

• A workplace hazard caused from chemical exposure

Chemical Hazards: Types & Routes of Entry

• Inhalation: Entering through the lungs.
• Ingestion: Entering through swallowing.
• Dermals: Entering through skin/eye contact.
• Optical: Entering through the eyes.

OSHS Rule 1072.03: Threshold Limit Values for Airborne Contaminants

• Includes tables with threshold limit values for airborne contaminants (e.g. Mineral Dusts, Human Carcinogens).

Occupational Exposure - Chemical

• Corrosive chemicals can damage eyes, skin, mucous membranes.
• Oral exposure may damage the mucous membrane, esophagus, and stomach.

Organic Solvents – Vapors

• Organic solvents are diffused in the air usually as liquids, and their exposure leads to health risks

Acids & Bases - Mist

• Water particles floating in the air or near the surface of the earth.
• Exposure can be harmful to the body.

Heavy Metals – Fumes

• Volatilized solids that condense when contacting air.
• These can be harmful and hazardous.

Dust - Powder / Fibers

• Solid particles suspended in air.
• Classified by size (Total Dust, Respirable Dust).

DUST - Occupational Exposure

• Silica Dust: From construction materials like stone, bricks.
• Metal Dust: From leaded paint, grinded metals.
• Asbestos Dust: From insulating materials.
• Wood Dust: From flooring/wood fixtures.

Gases - Gas

• Gaseous substances at normal temperature and pressure.
• Many gases lack a noticeable odor at dangerous concentrations.

Occupational Exposure - Gases

• Gases as by-products, like carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide.
• Gases in workplaces like refrigeration, fertilization, and diesel engine machinery.

Physical Hazard

• Agents, factors, or circumstances causing harm with or without contact.
• Includes noise, illumination, vibration, heat/cold stress, radiation, and pressure.

Physical Hazard - Noise

• A form of vibration conducted through solids, liquids, or gases, as well as unwanted or excessive sounds.
• Categorized by intensity (decibels) and duration of exposure.

Noise Health Effects & Control

• Prolonged exposure to high-noise levels can cause harmful effects in workers.

Noise Levels Prevailing in Some Manufacturing Industries

• Provides noise levels across several manufacturing industries in the Philippines.

Occupational Exposure - Noise

• Workplace noise sources like washing machines and dryers and defective exhaust fans.

Physical Hazard - Vibration

• A physical factor transmitting energy from sources like mechanical oscillations.
• Classified as low-frequency (whole-body) or high-frequency (segmental) vibration.

Occupational Exposure - Vibration

• Examples include segmental vibration from operating power tools and whole-body vibration from e.g. delivery vehicles.

Physical Hazard - Illumination

• Measures light falling on a surface (lumen/lux).
• Classified as bright or dark.
• Visual fatigue, discomfort, and other health effects can result from inappropriate illumination.

Recommended Illumination Levels (OSHS Rule)

• Recommended levels listed for different workplaces.

Illumination: Sources

• Includes both natural (e.g., daylight) and artificial (e.g., lights) light sources.

Illumination: Types

• General Lighting: Illuminates the entire room.
• Localized/General Lighting: Increase lighting levels for task-specific areas.
• Local Lighting: Targets objects or areas needing specific illumination.

Occupational Exposure - Illumination

• High illumination from monitor glare and sunlight.
• Low illumination can also be a threat to workers' health.

Physical Hazard - Temperature Extreme

• Includes heat stress (body cannot regulate excess heat) and cold stress (body temperature drops).

Factors Influencing Heat Stress

• Air temperature, humidity, velocity, radiant temperature, and physical workload.

Factors Influencing Cold Stress

• Cold climates, refrigerated spaces, and wind chill.

Physical Hazard - Radiation

• Emission or transmission of energy as waves/moving particles.
• Categorized as Ionizing (sufficient energy to cause ionization) and Non-Ionizing (insufficient energy to ionize).

Physical Hazard - Pressure

• Atmospheric force constantly applied to the body, and factors such as altitude or work conditions can affect it.

Occupational Exposure - Atmospheric Pressure

• Pressure changes both at high altitudes and in confined spaces, posing physiological risks.

Poor Ventilation

• Poor indoor air quality can lead to headaches, fatigue, hypersensitivity, allergies, sinus congestion, dizziness, breathing problems, and increased work accidents.
• Factors affecting poor ventilation including air flow, contaminant/chemical hazards, available safety measures, temperature control, and ventilation system design.

Biological Hazard

• Biological substances posing a threat to human health.

Biological Hazard: General Concept

• Virulence: An organism's ability to multiply.
• Invasive: An organism's ability to enter and affect tissues.
• Pathogenicity: An organism's potential to cause disease.

Types of Biological Hazard

• Microbiological: Bacteria, viruses, molds, fungi, and protozoa.
• Macroscopic: Insects, parasites, plants, and animals.

Occupational Exposure - Biological Hazard

• Poor sanitation and housekeeping, hospital works, disposal of waste and sewage, and poor personal hygiene can increase exposure to biological hazards.
• Exposure routes include direct transmission, droplets, vectors, common vehicle transfer, and airborne transmission.

Ergonomic Hazard

• Ergonomics is the science of fitting jobs to the people who perform them

Ergonomic Hazard: Types - Psychosocial Hazard

• Hazards that affect a person's mental health or well-being, overwhelming individual coping mechanisms to perform work in a healthy manner due to workplace demands.

Psychosocial Hazard: Health Effects

• Unrelieved stress can cause muscle/joint pain, indigestion, anxiety, tension, helplessness, anger, irritability, and confusion

Ergonomic Hazard: Types - Physiological Hazard

• Hazards impacting the physical well-being of workers related to environmental factors like repetitive motions; the inability or difficulty for the body to recover from these; and uncomfortable/poorly designed workstations.

Occupational Exposure - Ergonomic

• Repetitive movements, awkward body postures, static postures/sitting too long, poorly designed workstations (related to health)

DO 136-2014: HAZCOM

• Guidelines for the implementation of Globally Harmonized Systems (GHS) for chemical safety programs in workplaces which targets chemical hazards in the workplace.
• OSH compliance is required in all manufacturing and related workplace areas, including the supply chain.

Objectives of DO 136-2014

• Protecting workers and property from chemical hazards.
• Preventing and alleviating incidents caused by improper chemical handling.

DO 136-2014: Hazcom (Chemical Safety Program)

• The safety program has components on facilities and control measures, workers' right to know, storage requirements, waste management, information/training, PPE, workplace emergency measures, and preparedness for occupational health, medical and emergency surveillance.

GHS Pictograms

• Visual symbols for product hazard classifications (e.g., flammable, corrosive, explosive).

GHS Label Elements and SDS

• Required components of chemical labels and Safety Data Sheet (SDS) details including signal word, hazard pictograms, hazard statements, precautionary statements and hazardous ingredients.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Elements

• Sections 1-16 covering substance/mixture identification, hazards, composition, first-aid, firefighters, accidental release, handling, exposure controls, stability/reactivity, toxicological information.

GHS Label Elements Based on SDS

• Specific elements of GHS labels derived from SDS data (hazard pictogram, signal word, hazard statements, precautionary statements, hazardous ingredients).

Remember/Important Reminders (GHS and SDS)

-Conduct walk through surveys and ocular inspection

• Review work processes
• Understand raw materials, products, and generated by-products
• Gather worker feedback in relation to any concerning hazards
• Ensure awareness and use of GHS labels and the associated Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

Clear Points (Health Hazard Management)

• Industrial hygiene identifies, evaluates and controls health hazards.
• Health hazards classification differentiates physical, chemical and biological hazards in various forms.
• Workplace safety officers are critical in classifying hazards, and different methods exist for identifying various hazards in workplaces.

Exercise: Health Hazard Identification

• The exercises aim at identifying health hazard examples in the workplace. Examples given include cleaning dirty machinery parts, workers at a computer, security guards, and people in lab coats working in labs.

Test your understanding of biological structures and their functions in maintaining homeostasis within organisms. This quiz explores essential components, potential malfunctions, and the impact of external stressors on these systems. Ideal for students looking to deepen their grasp of biology concepts.