Questions and Answers
What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?
What is the term for the physical traits resulting from genetic makeup?
Phenotype
What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical alleles for a trait
What does heterozygous mean?
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What is a dominant trait?
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What is a recessive trait?
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What is a hybrid?
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What is a purebred organism?
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What are genes?
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What are traits?
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What does codominant mean?
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What is a mutation?
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What is probability in genetics?
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What are alleles?
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What are sex-linked traits?
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What is a pedigree?
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What is a carrier in genetics?
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What is meiosis?
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What are multiple alleles?
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What is selective breeding?
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Study Notes
Genetic Terminology
- Genotype: Refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, encompassing all alleles present.
- Phenotype: The observable physical traits of an individual, influenced by its genotype.
Allelic Variation
- Homozygous: Condition where an organism carries two identical alleles for a specific trait.
- Heterozygous: Condition where an organism has two different alleles for a specific trait.
Trait Expression
- Dominant Trait: Trait that manifests in the phenotype of an organism if the corresponding gene is present.
- Recessive Trait: Trait that may be concealed by the dominant trait and requires two copies to be expressed.
Breeding Concepts
- Hybrid: Offspring resulting from the cross-breeding of parents with different traits.
- Purebred: An organism that consistently produces offspring with the same trait form as the parent.
Genetic Influence
- Genes: Units that control specific traits in organisms.
- Traits: Characteristics that can be inherited from parents through their genes.
Special Genetic Cases
- Codominant Traits: A genetic scenario where two traits are equally expressed, without one dominating the other.
- Mutation: An alteration in a gene or chromosome which can affect trait expression.
Genetic Probability and Variation
- Probability: The chance that a specific genetic event will happen, crucial for predicting trait inheritance.
- Alleles: Distinct forms of a gene that can lead to variations in a given characteristic.
Genetic Linkage and Heritage
- Sex-linked Traits: Traits determined by genes located on sex chromosomes, often exhibiting different inheritance patterns in males and females.
- Pedigree: A structured chart used to track the presence and inheritance of genetic traits through generations.
Carrier Status
- Carrier: An individual with one recessive allele for a disorder who does not show symptoms, playing a critical role in genetic diversity.
Cellular Reproduction
- Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division that results in reproductive cells (gametes) with half the full set of chromosomes.
Advanced Genetic Mechanisms
- Multiple Alleles: Situations where three or more alternative forms of a gene exist that dictate a single trait.
- Selective Breeding: A method involving the choice of organisms with specific desirable traits to reproduce, aiming to enhance those traits in future generations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential genetics vocabulary in biology. This quiz covers key terms such as genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, and dominant traits. Perfect for students studying genetics and biology concepts.