Biology Genetics Terms Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?

Genome

Phenotype

Genotype (correct)

Hybrid

What is the term for the physical traits resulting from genetic makeup?

Phenotype

What does homozygous mean?

Having two identical alleles for a trait

What does heterozygous mean?

Having two different alleles for a trait Signup and view all the answers

What is a dominant trait?

Trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present Signup and view all the answers

What is a recessive trait?

Trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait Signup and view all the answers

What is a hybrid?

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits Signup and view all the answers

What is a purebred organism?

An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent Signup and view all the answers

What are genes?

Factors that control traits Signup and view all the answers

What are traits?

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes Signup and view all the answers

What does codominant mean?

The state in which two genetic traits are fully expressed and neither dominates Signup and view all the answers

What is a mutation?

A change in a gene or chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is probability in genetics?

The likelihood that a particular event will occur Signup and view all the answers

What are alleles?

The different forms of a gene Signup and view all the answers

What are sex-linked traits?

Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is a pedigree?

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family Signup and view all the answers

What is a carrier in genetics?

An individual who has one copy of the allele for a recessive disorder and does not exhibit symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is meiosis?

Cell division that produces reproductive cells with only half of the chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What are multiple alleles?

Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait Signup and view all the answers

What is selective breeding?

The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetic Terminology

Genotype: Refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, encompassing all alleles present.
Phenotype: The observable physical traits of an individual, influenced by its genotype.

Allelic Variation

Homozygous: Condition where an organism carries two identical alleles for a specific trait.
Heterozygous: Condition where an organism has two different alleles for a specific trait.

Trait Expression

Dominant Trait: Trait that manifests in the phenotype of an organism if the corresponding gene is present.
Recessive Trait: Trait that may be concealed by the dominant trait and requires two copies to be expressed.

Breeding Concepts

Hybrid: Offspring resulting from the cross-breeding of parents with different traits.
Purebred: An organism that consistently produces offspring with the same trait form as the parent.

Genetic Influence

Genes: Units that control specific traits in organisms.
Traits: Characteristics that can be inherited from parents through their genes.

Special Genetic Cases

Codominant Traits: A genetic scenario where two traits are equally expressed, without one dominating the other.
Mutation: An alteration in a gene or chromosome which can affect trait expression.

Genetic Probability and Variation

Probability: The chance that a specific genetic event will happen, crucial for predicting trait inheritance.
Alleles: Distinct forms of a gene that can lead to variations in a given characteristic.

Genetic Linkage and Heritage

Sex-linked Traits: Traits determined by genes located on sex chromosomes, often exhibiting different inheritance patterns in males and females.
Pedigree: A structured chart used to track the presence and inheritance of genetic traits through generations.

Carrier Status

Carrier: An individual with one recessive allele for a disorder who does not show symptoms, playing a critical role in genetic diversity.

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division that results in reproductive cells (gametes) with half the full set of chromosomes.

Advanced Genetic Mechanisms

Multiple Alleles: Situations where three or more alternative forms of a gene exist that dictate a single trait.
Selective Breeding: A method involving the choice of organisms with specific desirable traits to reproduce, aiming to enhance those traits in future generations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential genetics vocabulary in biology. This quiz covers key terms such as genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, and dominant traits. Perfect for students studying genetics and biology concepts.