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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the genetic code in an organism?
What is the function of the genetic code in an organism?
- To regulate gene expression
- To synthesize proteins
- To determine the sequence of amino acids (correct)
- To replicate DNA
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
- To synthesize proteins
- To generate energy for the cell (correct)
- To store genetic information
- To regulate cell growth and division
What is the term for the physical expression of an organism's genotype?
What is the term for the physical expression of an organism's genotype?
- Character
- Phenotype (correct)
- Trait
- Genotype
What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?
What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for transport?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for transport?
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
Which tissue type forms the lining of organs and glands?
Which tissue type forms the lining of organs and glands?
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
What is the term for the growth and organ formation that occurs from fertilization to birth?
What is the term for the growth and organ formation that occurs from fertilization to birth?
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Study Notes
Genetics
- DNA Structure: Double helix, 2 nucleotide strands, 4 nucleotide bases (A, C, G, T)
- Genetic Code: 3 nucleotide bases code for 1 amino acid, 20 amino acids
- Genotype: Genetic makeup of an individual (e.g., BB or Bb)
- Phenotype: Physical expression of genotype (e.g., blue eyes or brown eyes)
- Inheritance Patterns: Mendel's laws, dominant/recessive, autosomal/inherited traits
- Genetic Variation: Mutations, genetic drift, gene flow, meiosis
Cell Biology
- Cell Structure: Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes)
- Cellular Processes: Metabolism, photosynthesis, cell division (mitosis, meiosis)
- Cell Signaling: Hormone signaling, neurotransmission, cell-cell communication
- Cellular Transport: Passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport (e.g., carrier proteins)
- Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis, meiosis, binary fission
Physiology
- Nervous System: Central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), neurons, synapses
- Circulatory System: Heart, blood vessels, blood pressure, circulation
- Respiratory System: Lungs, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, gas exchange
- Digestive System: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, absorption
- Endocrine System: Hormones, glands (e.g., thyroid, adrenal), hormone regulation
Human Health
- Diseases: Infectious (e.g., bacteria, viruses), non-infectious (e.g., genetic, lifestyle)
- Immune System: Innate immunity, adaptive immunity, immune response
- Nutrition: Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), micronutrients (vitamins, minerals)
- Health Promotion: Preventive measures (e.g., vaccination, screening), healthy behaviors (e.g., exercise, diet)
- Epidemiology: Study of disease distribution, frequency, and determinants
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