10 Questions
What is the function of the genetic code in an organism?
To determine the sequence of amino acids
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
To generate energy for the cell
What is the term for the physical expression of an organism's genotype?
Phenotype
What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?
Cell differentiation
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for transport?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells
Which tissue type forms the lining of organs and glands?
Epithelial tissue
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
To protect the body from external damage
What is the term for the growth and organ formation that occurs from fertilization to birth?
Embryonic development
Study Notes
Genetics
- DNA Structure: Double helix, 2 nucleotide strands, 4 nucleotide bases (A, C, G, T)
- Genetic Code: 3 nucleotide bases code for 1 amino acid, 20 amino acids
- Genotype: Genetic makeup of an individual (e.g., BB or Bb)
- Phenotype: Physical expression of genotype (e.g., blue eyes or brown eyes)
- Inheritance Patterns: Mendel's laws, dominant/recessive, autosomal/inherited traits
- Genetic Variation: Mutations, genetic drift, gene flow, meiosis
Cell Biology
- Cell Structure: Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes)
- Cellular Processes: Metabolism, photosynthesis, cell division (mitosis, meiosis)
- Cell Signaling: Hormone signaling, neurotransmission, cell-cell communication
- Cellular Transport: Passive (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport (e.g., carrier proteins)
- Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis, meiosis, binary fission
Physiology
- Nervous System: Central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), neurons, synapses
- Circulatory System: Heart, blood vessels, blood pressure, circulation
- Respiratory System: Lungs, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, gas exchange
- Digestive System: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, absorption
- Endocrine System: Hormones, glands (e.g., thyroid, adrenal), hormone regulation
Human Health
- Diseases: Infectious (e.g., bacteria, viruses), non-infectious (e.g., genetic, lifestyle)
- Immune System: Innate immunity, adaptive immunity, immune response
- Nutrition: Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), micronutrients (vitamins, minerals)
- Health Promotion: Preventive measures (e.g., vaccination, screening), healthy behaviors (e.g., exercise, diet)
- Epidemiology: Study of disease distribution, frequency, and determinants
Test your knowledge of biology basics, covering genetics, cell biology, physiology, and human health. Learn about DNA structure, genetic code, cell processes, and human systems. Evaluate your understanding of diseases, nutrition, and health promotion.
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