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Questions and Answers
What is the study of microorganisms called?
What is the study of microorganisms called?
- Microbiology (correct)
- Genetics
- Botany
- Ecology
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
- To provide energy to the cell
- To synthesize proteins
- To regulate what enters and leaves the cell (correct)
- To store genetic information
What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy called?
What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy called?
- Respiration
- Meiosis
- Photosynthesis (correct)
- Mitosis
What is the term for the study of heredity and variation?
What is the term for the study of heredity and variation?
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What is the primary function of proteins in cells?
What is the primary function of proteins in cells?
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What is the term for the community of organisms and their environment?
What is the term for the community of organisms and their environment?
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Study Notes
Branches of Biology
- Botany: study of plants
- Zoology: study of animals
- Microbiology: study of microorganisms
- Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Evolutionary Biology: study of evolution and diversity of life
- Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules and their interactions
- Genetics: study of heredity and variation
Cells
- Basic structural and functional units of life
- Prokaryotic cells: lack nucleus, found in bacteria
- Eukaryotic cells: have nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cell organelles: specialized structures that perform specific functions (e.g. mitochondria, ribosomes)
Biological Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates: energy source, structural components (cellulose, chitin)
- Proteins: enzymes, structural components, transport molecules
- Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA, genetic information
- Lipids: energy storage, structural components (cell membrane)
Biological Processes
- Photosynthesis: conversion of light energy into chemical energy
- Respiration: breakdown of glucose to generate energy
- Mitosis: cell division, results in two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis: reduction division, results in four non-identical daughter cells
Ecosystems and Ecology
- Ecosystem: community of organisms and their environment
- Energy flow: producers (plants), consumers (herbivores, carnivores), decomposers
- Nutrient cycling: recycling of nutrients through ecosystems
- Population dynamics: factors affecting population growth and decline
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