Questions and Answers
What is the study of microorganisms called?
Microbiology
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy called?
Photosynthesis
What is the term for the study of heredity and variation?
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What is the primary function of proteins in cells?
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What is the term for the community of organisms and their environment?
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Study Notes
Branches of Biology
- Botany: study of plants
- Zoology: study of animals
- Microbiology: study of microorganisms
- Ecology: study of interactions between organisms and their environment
- Evolutionary Biology: study of evolution and diversity of life
- Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules and their interactions
- Genetics: study of heredity and variation
Cells
- Basic structural and functional units of life
- Prokaryotic cells: lack nucleus, found in bacteria
- Eukaryotic cells: have nucleus, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cell organelles: specialized structures that perform specific functions (e.g. mitochondria, ribosomes)
Biological Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates: energy source, structural components (cellulose, chitin)
- Proteins: enzymes, structural components, transport molecules
- Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA, genetic information
- Lipids: energy storage, structural components (cell membrane)
Biological Processes
- Photosynthesis: conversion of light energy into chemical energy
- Respiration: breakdown of glucose to generate energy
- Mitosis: cell division, results in two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis: reduction division, results in four non-identical daughter cells
Ecosystems and Ecology
- Ecosystem: community of organisms and their environment
- Energy flow: producers (plants), consumers (herbivores, carnivores), decomposers
- Nutrient cycling: recycling of nutrients through ecosystems
- Population dynamics: factors affecting population growth and decline
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