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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
What is the term for the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
What is the term for the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
Which of the following is an example of a producer in an ecosystem?
Which of the following is an example of a producer in an ecosystem?
What is the term for the random changes in allele frequency over time?
What is the term for the random changes in allele frequency over time?
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What is the structure of DNA composed of?
What is the structure of DNA composed of?
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What is the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
What is the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
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What is the term for the chronological record of ancient life forms?
What is the term for the chronological record of ancient life forms?
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What is the term for the sequence of organisms that eat other organisms?
What is the term for the sequence of organisms that eat other organisms?
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What is the term for the close and often long-term relationship between different species?
What is the term for the close and often long-term relationship between different species?
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What is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored?
What is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
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Cell Structure:
- Plasma membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Nucleus: control center of the cell where DNA is stored
- Mitochondria: generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
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Cellular Processes:
- Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
- Cellular Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells (gametes)
Genetics
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Mendel's Laws:
- Law of Segregation: each pair of alleles separates during gamete formation
- Law of Independent Assortment: alleles of different genes are sorted independently
- Law of Dominance: dominant allele is expressed over recessive allele
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DNA Structure:
- Double helix model: two complementary strands of nucleotides twisted together
- Nucleotides: building blocks of DNA, composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
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Genetic Variation:
- Mutations: changes in DNA sequence that can result in genetic variation
- Genetic Drift: random changes in allele frequency over time
- Gene Flow: movement of genes from one population to another
Evolution
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Mechanisms of Evolution:
- Natural Selection: process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Genetic Drift: random changes in allele frequency over time
- Gene Flow: movement of genes from one population to another
- Mutation: changes in DNA sequence that can result in genetic variation
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Evidence for Evolution:
- Fossil Record: chronological record of ancient life forms
- Comparative Anatomy: similarities and differences in body structures across species
- Molecular Biology: similarities and differences in DNA and protein sequences across species
Ecosystems and Ecology
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Ecosystem Components:
- Producers: organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis
- Consumers: organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms
- Decomposers: organisms that break down dead organic matter
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Energy Flow:
- Energy Pyramid: graphical representation of energy flow through an ecosystem
- Food Chain: sequence of organisms that eat other organisms
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Ecological Interactions:
- Symbiosis: close and often long-term relationship between different species
- Competition: struggle for limited resources between organisms
- Predation: predator-prey relationships
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Description
Test your knowledge of biology basics, covering cell structure, genetics, evolution, and ecosystems. From cellular processes to ecological interactions, this quiz covers it all.
