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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
What is the term for the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
Which of the following is an example of a producer in an ecosystem?
What is the term for the random changes in allele frequency over time?
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What is the structure of DNA composed of?
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What is the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
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What is the term for the chronological record of ancient life forms?
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What is the term for the sequence of organisms that eat other organisms?
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What is the term for the close and often long-term relationship between different species?
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What is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
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Cell Structure:
- Plasma membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane
- Nucleus: control center of the cell where DNA is stored
- Mitochondria: generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration
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Cellular Processes:
- Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
- Cellular Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Mitosis: process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis: process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells (gametes)
Genetics
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Mendel's Laws:
- Law of Segregation: each pair of alleles separates during gamete formation
- Law of Independent Assortment: alleles of different genes are sorted independently
- Law of Dominance: dominant allele is expressed over recessive allele
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DNA Structure:
- Double helix model: two complementary strands of nucleotides twisted together
- Nucleotides: building blocks of DNA, composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
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Genetic Variation:
- Mutations: changes in DNA sequence that can result in genetic variation
- Genetic Drift: random changes in allele frequency over time
- Gene Flow: movement of genes from one population to another
Evolution
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Mechanisms of Evolution:
- Natural Selection: process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Genetic Drift: random changes in allele frequency over time
- Gene Flow: movement of genes from one population to another
- Mutation: changes in DNA sequence that can result in genetic variation
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Evidence for Evolution:
- Fossil Record: chronological record of ancient life forms
- Comparative Anatomy: similarities and differences in body structures across species
- Molecular Biology: similarities and differences in DNA and protein sequences across species
Ecosystems and Ecology
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Ecosystem Components:
- Producers: organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis
- Consumers: organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms
- Decomposers: organisms that break down dead organic matter
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Energy Flow:
- Energy Pyramid: graphical representation of energy flow through an ecosystem
- Food Chain: sequence of organisms that eat other organisms
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Ecological Interactions:
- Symbiosis: close and often long-term relationship between different species
- Competition: struggle for limited resources between organisms
- Predation: predator-prey relationships
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Description
Test your knowledge of biology basics, covering cell structure, genetics, evolution, and ecosystems. From cellular processes to ecological interactions, this quiz covers it all.
