Biology for Engineers: Unit 1 Question Bank
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Questions and Answers

What is the source of the protein used in genetically modified corn?

  • Bacillus thuringiensis (correct)
  • Bacillus subtilis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bacillus Anthraxis

    • What is the inspiration behind the nose of the redesigned Shinkanzen bullet train?

  • Herons peak
  • Kingfisher beak (correct)
  • Crane peak
  • Owl Peak

    • What is the purpose of biofertilizers?

  • Reduce soil fertility
  • Reduce crop yield
  • Replace chemical nitrogen and phosphorus (correct)
  • Destimulate plant growth

    • What is the size range of a nanoparticle?

    <p>1 to 100 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pollution control technique using a bioreactor?

    <p>Biofiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to analyze the microstructure of self-healing concrete?

    <p>SEM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hair-like outgrowths that attach to the surface of other bacterial cells?

    <p>Pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure composed of peptidoglycan?

    <p>Bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following shapes is not typical of a virus?

    <p>Trapezoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a virus?

    <p>To replicate and produce clones of itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the Greek word 'Eu' in eukaryotes?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an edible mushroom?

    <p>Amanita Mushrooms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule that functions as energy for cells?

    <p>Adenosine Tri Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the organelle that releases vesicles for package and transport of proteins?

    <p>Golgi complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'suicide bags' of the cell?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of the mitochondrial matrix in animal cells?

    <p>DNA and Phospholipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shape of plant cells?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a biomolecule?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, what is the function of DNA polymerase?

    <p>To join nucleotides to form a new DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is broken down to give hydrogen and ________

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common component of phospholipids and glycolipids?

    <p>Glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell grow and prepare for mitosis?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lipid is present in the myelin sheath of nerve fibres?

    <p>Sphingolipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when chromatids divide?

    <p>Two chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a step in mitosis?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

    <p>Cn(H2O)n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of complex carbohydrate?

    <p>Lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for classifying carbohydrates into aldoses and ketoses?

    <p>Functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sugar is present in legumes and causes flatulence?

    <p>Raffinose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biomimetics

    • The nose of the redesigned Shinkansen bullet train is inspired by the Kingfisher's beak
    • Passive cooling in skyscrapers is inspired by Termite Mounds

    Biology for Engineers

    • Retinal prosthetic developed by scientists is approved by USFDA
    • The gene from Bacillus thuringiensis was used to develop genetically modified corn
    • Biofertilizers have the potential to replace chemical nitrogen and phosphorus

    Microscopy

    • Electron Microscope can be used to observe viruses
    • SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) are used for microstructure analysis

    Microorganisms

    • Pili are hair-like outgrowths that attach to the surface of other bacterial cells
    • Peptidoglycan is the structural component present in bacterial cell walls
    • Chitin is the structural component present in fungal cell walls
    • Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of Peptidoglycan
    • Gram-negative organisms are very susceptible to antibiotics
    • Cell wall thickness of gram-positive organisms is 20-80 nm
    • When gram-positive bacteria are stained by Gram staining technique and visualized under the microscope, they look Purple

    Viruses

    • Virus hijacks a person's cellular machinery to produce clones of itself
    • Rhizopus stolonifer is commonly known as black bread mold
    • Amanita is not an edible mushroom

    Eukaryotes – Plant and Animal Cells

    • The Greek word "Eu" means true
    • The synthesis of cholesterol is done by the ER
    • The molecule that functions as energy for cells is ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate)
    • The matrix of the mitochondria in animal cells contains DNA and proteins
    • The Golgi complex releases vesicles for package and transport of proteins
    • Lysosomes are called the suicide bags of the cells
    • Smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids
    • Centrioles are responsible for the formation of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells

    Biomolecules

    • Lipid is comprised of fatty acids and glycerol
    • Palmatic acid is designated as C16
    • Fatty acids with no double bonds are saturated
    • Phospholipids contain fatty acids, glycerol, and a phosphate group
    • Glycolipids contain fatty acids, glycerol, and carbohydrates
    • Terpenes are components of essential oils secreted by plants

    Cell Cycle and Mitosis

    • Interphase is the stage where the cell grows and prepares for mitosis
    • In cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides
    • Chromatids are joined by centromeres in prophase
    • Centromeres are specialized regions in chromosomes

    Photosynthesis

    • Photosynthesis doesn't depend on Oxygen
    • ATP is a derivative of Adenosine
    • The function of DNA polymerase is to replicate DNA
    • Glucose breaks down to form two pyruvate molecules in glycolysis
    • In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is broken down to give Hydrogen and Carbon dioxide

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