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Questions and Answers
What is the source of the protein used in genetically modified corn?
What is the inspiration behind the nose of the redesigned Shinkanzen bullet train?
What is the purpose of biofertilizers?
What is the size range of a nanoparticle?
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Which of the following is a pollution control technique using a bioreactor?
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What can be used to analyze the microstructure of self-healing concrete?
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What are the hair-like outgrowths that attach to the surface of other bacterial cells?
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What is the structure composed of peptidoglycan?
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Which of the following shapes is not typical of a virus?
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What is the purpose of a virus?
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What is the meaning of the Greek word 'Eu' in eukaryotes?
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Which of the following is not an edible mushroom?
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What is the name of the molecule that functions as energy for cells?
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What is the name of the organelle that releases vesicles for package and transport of proteins?
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What is the term for the 'suicide bags' of the cell?
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What is the component of the mitochondrial matrix in animal cells?
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What is the term for the shape of plant cells?
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Which of the following is not a biomolecule?
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During DNA replication, what is the function of DNA polymerase?
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In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is broken down to give hydrogen and ________
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What is the final product of photosynthesis?
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What is the common component of phospholipids and glycolipids?
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During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell grow and prepare for mitosis?
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What type of lipid is present in the myelin sheath of nerve fibres?
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What is formed when chromatids divide?
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What is not a step in mitosis?
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What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
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Which of the following is not a type of complex carbohydrate?
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What is the basis for classifying carbohydrates into aldoses and ketoses?
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What type of sugar is present in legumes and causes flatulence?
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Study Notes
Biomimetics
- The nose of the redesigned Shinkansen bullet train is inspired by the Kingfisher's beak
- Passive cooling in skyscrapers is inspired by Termite Mounds
Biology for Engineers
- Retinal prosthetic developed by scientists is approved by USFDA
- The gene from Bacillus thuringiensis was used to develop genetically modified corn
- Biofertilizers have the potential to replace chemical nitrogen and phosphorus
Microscopy
- Electron Microscope can be used to observe viruses
- SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) are used for microstructure analysis
Microorganisms
- Pili are hair-like outgrowths that attach to the surface of other bacterial cells
- Peptidoglycan is the structural component present in bacterial cell walls
- Chitin is the structural component present in fungal cell walls
- Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of Peptidoglycan
- Gram-negative organisms are very susceptible to antibiotics
- Cell wall thickness of gram-positive organisms is 20-80 nm
- When gram-positive bacteria are stained by Gram staining technique and visualized under the microscope, they look Purple
Viruses
- Virus hijacks a person's cellular machinery to produce clones of itself
- Rhizopus stolonifer is commonly known as black bread mold
- Amanita is not an edible mushroom
Eukaryotes – Plant and Animal Cells
- The Greek word "Eu" means true
- The synthesis of cholesterol is done by the ER
- The molecule that functions as energy for cells is ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate)
- The matrix of the mitochondria in animal cells contains DNA and proteins
- The Golgi complex releases vesicles for package and transport of proteins
- Lysosomes are called the suicide bags of the cells
- Smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids
- Centrioles are responsible for the formation of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells
Biomolecules
- Lipid is comprised of fatty acids and glycerol
- Palmatic acid is designated as C16
- Fatty acids with no double bonds are saturated
- Phospholipids contain fatty acids, glycerol, and a phosphate group
- Glycolipids contain fatty acids, glycerol, and carbohydrates
- Terpenes are components of essential oils secreted by plants
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
- Interphase is the stage where the cell grows and prepares for mitosis
- In cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides
- Chromatids are joined by centromeres in prophase
- Centromeres are specialized regions in chromosomes
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis doesn't depend on Oxygen
- ATP is a derivative of Adenosine
- The function of DNA polymerase is to replicate DNA
- Glucose breaks down to form two pyruvate molecules in glycolysis
- In the Krebs cycle, pyruvate is broken down to give Hydrogen and Carbon dioxide
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of biology concepts applied to engineering, inspired by nature. Topics include biomimicry, passive cooling, and biological inspirations for engineering designs.
