Biology Flashcards Chapter 5-8
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are functions of muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

  • Voluntary movements of body parts (correct)
  • Maintaining structure and support
  • Involuntary movement of body organs (correct)
  • Propulsion of materials through digestive tract (correct)

    • What are red blood cells called?

    Erythrocytes

    A ___ epithelium contains two or more layers of epithelial cells.

    Stratified

    Loose connective tissue is best categorized as which of the following tissue types?

    <p>Connective tissue proper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the majority of glands composed of?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics describe epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

    <p>The cells are bound closely together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements correctly describe epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

    <p>It is richly innervated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best explains the ability of epithelial tissues to repair themselves?

    <p>High regenerative capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is made of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane but not all the cells reach the apical surface?

    <p>Pseudostratified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure binds epithelial tissues to connective tissue?

    <p>Basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissues act as 'gatekeepers' by regulating the movement of materials in and out of a certain body region?

    <p>Epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria are used to classify epithelia? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Shape of cells at apical surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium is found where stress is minimal and where filtration, absorption, or secretion is the primary function?

    <p>Simple epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement characterizes simple squamous epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

    <p>It allows for diffusion and osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Kidney tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is known for its ability to move structures like the oocyte in a uterine tube?

    <p>Ciliated simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels called?

    <p>Endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ stratified squamous epithelial tissues form the epidermis of skin.

    <p>Keratinized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells secretes mucus?

    <p>Goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the apical cells of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

    <p>They are dead, lack nuclei and are filled with tough, protein keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium located?

    <p>Lining of the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement characterizes nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

    <p>The cells remain alive all the way up to its apical surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder.

    <p>Transitional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria are used to classify multicellular exocrine glands? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Type of secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen?

    <p>Exocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A multicellular exocrine gland consists of?

    <p>Acini and at least one duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the secretory portion of a gland forms an expanded sac, the gland is called?

    <p>Acinar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This type of exocrine gland produces sweat, milk, tears, or digestive juices.

    <p>Serous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are functions of epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a location of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

    <p>Lining of the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is transitional epithelial tissue located?

    <p>Lining of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria are used to classify multicellular exocrine glands? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glands lack ducts and can secrete their products directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>Endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sacs that produce secretion of multicellular exocrine glands called?

    <p>Acini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissues function to support tissues and bind structures together?

    <p>Connective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the cutaneous membrane? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Relatively dry compared to other membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonly called skin membrane?

    <p>Cutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic components do connective tissues share? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Ground substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of muscle tissues? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Cardiac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are bones of the appendicular skeleton? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Leg bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tendons?

    <p>To attach a muscle to a bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statements characterize serous membrane? (Select all that apply)

    <p>They contain a parietal and visceral layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of connective tissue proper?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte and forms a diploid cell?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is the most common and also the weakest? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Hyaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nervous tissue cell types support and protect?

    <p>Glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue is characterized by osteons?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes simple squamous epithelium?

    <p>One layer of flat, wide irregular shaped cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe simple cuboidal epithelium.

    <p>One layer of cells that are about as high as they are wide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes simple columnar, nonciliated epithelium?

    <p>One layer of tall, narrow cells that often contain microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes simple columnar, ciliated epithelium?

    <p>One layer of tall, narrow cells that can move objects along their apical surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rank these bones in order from distal to proximal.

    <p>Carpals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the long nerve cell process that extends from the cell?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two categories of connective tissue are ___ connective tissue and ___ connective tissue.

    <p>Loose, dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The clavicle is located between these two bones, the __ and the __.

    <p>Sternum, scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is hyaline cartilage located? (Select all that apply)

    <p>In costal cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the epicondyles located in relation to the condyles?

    <p>Proximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures are enclosed by the bones and cartilage of the nasal complex? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Paranasal sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein fibers found in connective tissue allow body parts to stretch and appear wavy?

    <p>Elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the bones of the ankle/foot in order from proximal to distal.

    <p>Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Areolar connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the __ girdle and the ___ girdle.

    <p>Pectoral, pelvic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Cells often bifurcate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The greater trochanter is ___ to the lesser trochanter.

    <p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of hypertrophy?

    <p>Atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of cranial bones? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Provide attachment sites for jaw, head, and neck muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exposed surface or lumen of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Apical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lambdoid suture forms the boundary between the __ and ___ bones.

    <p>Parietal, occipital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lateral structures have what kind of connections?

    <p>Intercellular connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of the pectoral girdle?

    <p>Provide attachment sites for muscles and promote upper limb mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basal aspect of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Where epithelium is attached to underlying connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ fibers contain the protein collagen and are thinner than collagen fibers.

    <p>Reticular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many metacarpal bones are found in each hand?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which are the functions of bone? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Provides levers for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features of the occipital bone articulate with the first cervical vertebra?

    <p>Occipital condyles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue cells are closely packed and have nuclei squeezed to one side?

    <p>Epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cranial fossa?

    <p>Depressions for parts of the brain, grooves for blood vessels, and numerous foramina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are two types of hemangiomas. Which are they? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the big toe called?

    <p>Hallux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue would you find in the stroma of lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow?

    <p>Reticular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bones form the bridge of the nose?

    <p>Nasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the auditory ossicles housed within the petrous part of the temporal bone?

    <p>Malleus, stapes, incus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose all that are locations of smooth muscle tissue.

    <p>Walls of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell types are responsible for control and information processing?

    <p>Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the names of scapular angles? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Lateral angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process receives incoming signals and transmits them to the cell body?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rank the following bony landmarks of the distal humerus in order, from lateral to medial.

    <p>Medial epicondyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by which factors? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ground substance is produced by connective tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the fourth step of wound healing, what occurs?

    <p>Regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on the number of ___ in the epidermis and the relative ___ of the epidermis.

    <p>Strata, thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is produced by many cells in the epidermis when exposed to UV radiation? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Vitamin D3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would you expect to find in the walls of the large arteries?

    <p>Elastic connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes skeletal muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

    <p>It is voluntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair. Which are they? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonly known name for the cutaneous membrane?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the fourth step of wound healing, what occurs?

    <p>Regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of sweat glands in the skin?

    <p>Merocrine, apocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue types have virtually nonexistent extracellular matrix? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are which? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Tissue Functions

    • Involuntary movements of body organs, such as digestion and heartbeats.
    • Propulsion of materials through the digestive tract.
    • Voluntary movements enabling body part mobility.

    Blood Cells

    • Red blood cells are termed erythrocytes.

    Epithelial Tissue Types

    • Stratified epithelium consists of two or more layers of cells.
    • Pseudostratified epithelium has cells of differing heights, not all reaching the surface.

    Connective Tissue

    • Loose connective tissue falls under the category of connective tissue proper.
    • Exocrine glands have ducts that secrete products onto surfaces or into lumens.
    • Endocrine glands lack ducts, secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream.

    Gland Composition

    • Majority of glands are formed from epithelial tissue.

    Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

    • Composed primarily of cells with tightly bound connections.
    • Features high regeneration capacity and rich innervation, lacking blood vessels.
    • The basal surface is anchored to a basement membrane.

    Epithelial Repair Capacity

    • High regenerative capacity explains the ability of epithelial tissues to heal.

    Types and Functions of Epithelia

    • Simple epithelium is found in areas of minimal stress, primarily for filtration, absorption, or secretion.
    • Simple squamous epithelium allows for diffusion and osmosis, lining blood vessels.
    • Transitional epithelium lines the urinary bladder, allowing it to stretch.

    Goblet Cells

    • Specialized cells that secrete mucus.

    Specialized Glands

    • Serous glands generate fluids like sweat, milk, and digestive juices.
    • Criteria for multicellular exocrine glands include morphology, type, and method of secretion.

    Muscle Tissue Types

    • Three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
    • Cardiac muscle features striations, intercalated discs, and bifurcating cells.

    Bones and Skeleton

    • Bones of the appendicular skeleton encompass leg bones, pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, and hand bones.
    • Clavicle connects between the sternum and scapula.
    • Hyaline cartilage is the weakest and most common cartilage type found in various parts like fetal skeleton, costal cartilages, and joints.

    Tissue Components

    • Connective tissue comprises protein fibers, cells, and ground substance.
    • Reticular fibers have collagen, allowing body parts to remain flexible.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Glial cells support and protect neurons, essential for information processing.

    Hierarchical Classifications

    • Bones categorized in order from distal to proximal include phalanges, metacarpals, and carpals.

    Skin and Membranes

    • The cutaneous membrane is synonymous with the skin.
    • Skin thickness is classified based on the number of strata and their relative thickness.

    Wound Healing

    • The process involves migration of stratum basal cells over the wound and regeneration of the epidermis.

    Sensory Functions

    • Skin receptors detect cold, vibration, and pressure, contributing to the sensory response.

    Hair Types

    • Hair types produced during life include lanugo, vellus, and terminal hairs.

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    Description

    This quiz features flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 5 to 8 of biology. It includes definitions and functions related to muscle tissue, blood cells, epithelial types, and connective tissue. Test your understanding of these essential biological terms and concepts.

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