Biology Flashcards Chapter 5-8

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are functions of muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

Voluntary movements of body parts (correct)

Maintaining structure and support

Involuntary movement of body organs (correct)

Propulsion of materials through digestive tract (correct)

What are red blood cells called?

Erythrocytes

A ___ epithelium contains two or more layers of epithelial cells.

Stratified

Loose connective tissue is best categorized as which of the following tissue types?

Connective tissue proper Signup and view all the answers

What is the majority of glands composed of?

Epithelial tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics describe epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

The cells are bound closely together Signup and view all the answers

Which statements correctly describe epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

It is richly innervated Signup and view all the answers

What best explains the ability of epithelial tissues to repair themselves?

High regenerative capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is made of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane but not all the cells reach the apical surface?

Pseudostratified Signup and view all the answers

What structure binds epithelial tissues to connective tissue?

Basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissues act as 'gatekeepers' by regulating the movement of materials in and out of a certain body region?

Epithelial Signup and view all the answers

Which criteria are used to classify epithelia? (Select all that apply)

Shape of cells at apical surface Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found where stress is minimal and where filtration, absorption, or secretion is the primary function?

Simple epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which statement characterizes simple squamous epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

It allows for diffusion and osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found? (Select all that apply)

Kidney tubules Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is known for its ability to move structures like the oocyte in a uterine tube?

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels called?

Endothelium Signup and view all the answers

___ stratified squamous epithelial tissues form the epidermis of skin.

Keratinized Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells secretes mucus?

Goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the apical cells of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

They are dead, lack nuclei and are filled with tough, protein keratin Signup and view all the answers

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium located?

Lining of the trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which statement characterizes nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

The cells remain alive all the way up to its apical surface Signup and view all the answers

___ epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder.

Transitional Signup and view all the answers

What criteria are used to classify multicellular exocrine glands? (Select all that apply)

Type of secretion Signup and view all the answers

What type of glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen?

Exocrine Signup and view all the answers

A multicellular exocrine gland consists of?

Acini and at least one duct Signup and view all the answers

If the secretory portion of a gland forms an expanded sac, the gland is called?

Acinar Signup and view all the answers

This type of exocrine gland produces sweat, milk, tears, or digestive juices.

Serous glands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are functions of epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

Secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is a location of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Lining of the oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

Where is transitional epithelial tissue located?

Lining of the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What criteria are used to classify multicellular exocrine glands? (Select all that apply)

Morphology Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glands lack ducts and can secrete their products directly into the bloodstream?

Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

What are the sacs that produce secretion of multicellular exocrine glands called?

Acini Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissues function to support tissues and bind structures together?

Connective Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the cutaneous membrane? (Select all that apply)

Relatively dry compared to other membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonly called skin membrane?

Cutaneous Signup and view all the answers

What basic components do connective tissues share? (Select all that apply)

Ground substance Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of muscle tissues? (Select all that apply)

Cardiac Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are bones of the appendicular skeleton? (Select all that apply)

Leg bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tendons?

To attach a muscle to a bone Signup and view all the answers

What statements characterize serous membrane? (Select all that apply)

They contain a parietal and visceral layer Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of connective tissue proper?

Adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte and forms a diploid cell?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is the most common and also the weakest? (Select all that apply)

Hyaline Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nervous tissue cell types support and protect?

Glial cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is characterized by osteons?

Bone Signup and view all the answers

What describes simple squamous epithelium?

One layer of flat, wide irregular shaped cells Signup and view all the answers

Describe simple cuboidal epithelium.

One layer of cells that are about as high as they are wide Signup and view all the answers

What describes simple columnar, nonciliated epithelium?

One layer of tall, narrow cells that often contain microvilli Signup and view all the answers

What describes simple columnar, ciliated epithelium?

One layer of tall, narrow cells that can move objects along their apical surface Signup and view all the answers

Rank these bones in order from distal to proximal.

Carpals Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the long nerve cell process that extends from the cell?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

The two categories of connective tissue are _ connective tissue and _ connective tissue.

Loose, dense Signup and view all the answers

The clavicle is located between these two bones, the and the .

Sternum, scapula Signup and view all the answers

Where is hyaline cartilage located? (Select all that apply)

In costal cartilages Signup and view all the answers

Where are the epicondyles located in relation to the condyles?

Proximal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are enclosed by the bones and cartilage of the nasal complex? (Select all that apply)

Paranasal sinuses Signup and view all the answers

Which protein fibers found in connective tissue allow body parts to stretch and appear wavy?

Elastic Signup and view all the answers

List the bones of the ankle/foot in order from proximal to distal.

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges Signup and view all the answers

Areolar connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body.

True Signup and view all the answers

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the girdle and the _ girdle.

Pectoral, pelvic Signup and view all the answers

What are characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

Cells often bifurcate Signup and view all the answers

The greater trochanter is ___ to the lesser trochanter.

Lateral Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of hypertrophy?

Atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of cranial bones? (Select all that apply)

Provide attachment sites for jaw, head, and neck muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the exposed surface or lumen of epithelial tissue?

Apical Signup and view all the answers

The lambdoid suture forms the boundary between the and _ bones.

Parietal, occipital Signup and view all the answers

Lateral structures have what kind of connections?

Intercellular connections Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the pectoral girdle?

Provide attachment sites for muscles and promote upper limb mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the basal aspect of epithelial tissue?

Where epithelium is attached to underlying connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

___ fibers contain the protein collagen and are thinner than collagen fibers.

Reticular Signup and view all the answers

How many metacarpal bones are found in each hand?

5 Signup and view all the answers

Which are the functions of bone? (Select all that apply)

Provides levers for movement Signup and view all the answers

What features of the occipital bone articulate with the first cervical vertebra?

Occipital condyles Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue cells are closely packed and have nuclei squeezed to one side?

Epithelial Signup and view all the answers

What are the cranial fossa?

Depressions for parts of the brain, grooves for blood vessels, and numerous foramina Signup and view all the answers

There are two types of hemangiomas. Which are they? (Select all that apply)

Capillary Signup and view all the answers

What is the big toe called?

Hallux Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue would you find in the stroma of lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow?

Reticular Signup and view all the answers

What bones form the bridge of the nose?

Nasal Signup and view all the answers

What are the auditory ossicles housed within the petrous part of the temporal bone?

Malleus, stapes, incus Signup and view all the answers

Choose all that are locations of smooth muscle tissue.

Walls of the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which cell types are responsible for control and information processing?

Nervous Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of scapular angles? (Select all that apply)

Lateral angle Signup and view all the answers

Which process receives incoming signals and transmits them to the cell body?

Dendrites Signup and view all the answers

Rank the following bony landmarks of the distal humerus in order, from lateral to medial.

Medial epicondyle Signup and view all the answers

The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by which factors? (Select all that apply)

Heredity Signup and view all the answers

Ground substance is produced by connective tissue.

True Signup and view all the answers

In the fourth step of wound healing, what occurs?

Regeneration Signup and view all the answers

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on the number of _ in the epidermis and the relative _ of the epidermis.

Strata, thickness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is produced by many cells in the epidermis when exposed to UV radiation? (Select all that apply)

Vitamin D3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would you expect to find in the walls of the large arteries?

Elastic connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes skeletal muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

It is voluntary Signup and view all the answers

During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair. Which are they? (Select all that apply)

Terminal Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonly known name for the cutaneous membrane?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

In the fourth step of wound healing, what occurs?

Regeneration Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of sweat glands in the skin?

Merocrine, apocrine Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue types have virtually nonexistent extracellular matrix? (Select all that apply)

Epithelial Signup and view all the answers

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are which? (Select all that apply)

Vibration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Tissue Functions

Involuntary movements of body organs, such as digestion and heartbeats.
Propulsion of materials through the digestive tract.
Voluntary movements enabling body part mobility.

Blood Cells

Red blood cells are termed erythrocytes.

Epithelial Tissue Types

Stratified epithelium consists of two or more layers of cells.
Pseudostratified epithelium has cells of differing heights, not all reaching the surface.

Connective Tissue

Loose connective tissue falls under the category of connective tissue proper.
Exocrine glands have ducts that secrete products onto surfaces or into lumens.
Endocrine glands lack ducts, secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Gland Composition

Majority of glands are formed from epithelial tissue.

Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue

Composed primarily of cells with tightly bound connections.
Features high regeneration capacity and rich innervation, lacking blood vessels.
The basal surface is anchored to a basement membrane.

Epithelial Repair Capacity

High regenerative capacity explains the ability of epithelial tissues to heal.

Types and Functions of Epithelia

Simple epithelium is found in areas of minimal stress, primarily for filtration, absorption, or secretion.
Simple squamous epithelium allows for diffusion and osmosis, lining blood vessels.
Transitional epithelium lines the urinary bladder, allowing it to stretch.

Goblet Cells

Specialized cells that secrete mucus.

Specialized Glands

Serous glands generate fluids like sweat, milk, and digestive juices.
Criteria for multicellular exocrine glands include morphology, type, and method of secretion.

Muscle Tissue Types

Three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
Cardiac muscle features striations, intercalated discs, and bifurcating cells.

Bones and Skeleton

Bones of the appendicular skeleton encompass leg bones, pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, and hand bones.
Clavicle connects between the sternum and scapula.
Hyaline cartilage is the weakest and most common cartilage type found in various parts like fetal skeleton, costal cartilages, and joints.

Tissue Components

Connective tissue comprises protein fibers, cells, and ground substance.
Reticular fibers have collagen, allowing body parts to remain flexible.

Nervous Tissue

Glial cells support and protect neurons, essential for information processing.

Hierarchical Classifications

Bones categorized in order from distal to proximal include phalanges, metacarpals, and carpals.

Skin and Membranes

The cutaneous membrane is synonymous with the skin.
Skin thickness is classified based on the number of strata and their relative thickness.

Wound Healing

The process involves migration of stratum basal cells over the wound and regeneration of the epidermis.

Sensory Functions

Skin receptors detect cold, vibration, and pressure, contributing to the sensory response.

Hair Types

Hair types produced during life include lanugo, vellus, and terminal hairs.

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Description

This quiz features flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 5 to 8 of biology. It includes definitions and functions related to muscle tissue, blood cells, epithelial types, and connective tissue. Test your understanding of these essential biological terms and concepts.

Biology Flashcards Chapter 5-8

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are functions of muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

What are red blood cells called?

A ___ epithelium contains two or more layers of epithelial cells.

Loose connective tissue is best categorized as which of the following tissue types?

What is the majority of glands composed of?

Which characteristics describe epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

Which statements correctly describe epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

What best explains the ability of epithelial tissues to repair themselves?

Which type of epithelium is made of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane but not all the cells reach the apical surface?

What structure binds epithelial tissues to connective tissue?

Which type of tissues act as 'gatekeepers' by regulating the movement of materials in and out of a certain body region?

Which criteria are used to classify epithelia? (Select all that apply)

Which type of epithelium is found where stress is minimal and where filtration, absorption, or secretion is the primary function?

Which statement characterizes simple squamous epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found? (Select all that apply)

What type of epithelium is known for its ability to move structures like the oocyte in a uterine tube?

What is the simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels called?

___ stratified squamous epithelial tissues form the epidermis of skin.

Which type of cells secretes mucus?

What characterizes the apical cells of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium located?

Which statement characterizes nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

___ epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder.

What criteria are used to classify multicellular exocrine glands? (Select all that apply)

What type of glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen?

A multicellular exocrine gland consists of?

If the secretory portion of a gland forms an expanded sac, the gland is called?

This type of exocrine gland produces sweat, milk, tears, or digestive juices.

Which of the following are functions of epithelial tissue? (Select all that apply)

What is a location of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Where is transitional epithelial tissue located?

What criteria are used to classify multicellular exocrine glands? (Select all that apply)

Which type of glands lack ducts and can secrete their products directly into the bloodstream?

What are the sacs that produce secretion of multicellular exocrine glands called?

What type of tissues function to support tissues and bind structures together?

What characterizes the cutaneous membrane? (Select all that apply)

What is the commonly called skin membrane?

What basic components do connective tissues share? (Select all that apply)

What are the three types of muscle tissues? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following are bones of the appendicular skeleton? (Select all that apply)

What is the function of tendons?

What statements characterize serous membrane? (Select all that apply)

What is an example of connective tissue proper?

What is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte and forms a diploid cell?

Which type of cartilage is the most common and also the weakest? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following nervous tissue cell types support and protect?

What type of connective tissue is characterized by osteons?

What describes simple squamous epithelium?

Describe simple cuboidal epithelium.

What describes simple columnar, nonciliated epithelium?

What describes simple columnar, ciliated epithelium?

Rank these bones in order from distal to proximal.

What is the term for the long nerve cell process that extends from the cell?

The two categories of connective tissue are ___ connective tissue and ___ connective tissue.

The clavicle is located between these two bones, the __ and the __.

Where is hyaline cartilage located? (Select all that apply)

Where are the epicondyles located in relation to the condyles?

Which of the following structures are enclosed by the bones and cartilage of the nasal complex? (Select all that apply)

Which protein fibers found in connective tissue allow body parts to stretch and appear wavy?

List the bones of the ankle/foot in order from proximal to distal.

Areolar connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body.

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the __ girdle and the ___ girdle.

What are characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

The greater trochanter is ___ to the lesser trochanter.

What is the opposite of hypertrophy?

What are the functions of cranial bones? (Select all that apply)

What is the term for the exposed surface or lumen of epithelial tissue?

The lambdoid suture forms the boundary between the __ and ___ bones.

Lateral structures have what kind of connections?

What are the functions of the pectoral girdle?

What is the basal aspect of epithelial tissue?

___ fibers contain the protein collagen and are thinner than collagen fibers.

How many metacarpal bones are found in each hand?

Which are the functions of bone? (Select all that apply)

What features of the occipital bone articulate with the first cervical vertebra?

What type of connective tissue cells are closely packed and have nuclei squeezed to one side?

What are the cranial fossa?

There are two types of hemangiomas. Which are they? (Select all that apply)

The two categories of connective tissue are _ connective tissue and _ connective tissue.

The clavicle is located between these two bones, the and the .

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the girdle and the _ girdle.

The lambdoid suture forms the boundary between the and _ bones.

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on the number of _ in the epidermis and the relative _ of the epidermis.