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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of enzymes in biological processes?
What is the primary role of enzymes in biological processes?
All living things are composed of cells according to the principles of Cell Theory.
All living things are composed of cells according to the principles of Cell Theory.
True
What is the pH range characteristic of acids?
What is the pH range characteristic of acids?
Below 7
Contrast between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is characterized by the presence of a ______ in eukaryotic cells.
Contrast between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is characterized by the presence of a ______ in eukaryotic cells.
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Which of the following structures is common in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following structures is common in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
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Match the macromolecule with its primary function:
Match the macromolecule with its primary function:
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Cholesterol contributes to the flexibility of the plasma membrane.
Cholesterol contributes to the flexibility of the plasma membrane.
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Why are we considered carbon-based life forms?
Why are we considered carbon-based life forms?
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What best describes the relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped?
What best describes the relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped?
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An ionic bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
An ionic bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
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What are the primary producers in an ecosystem?
What are the primary producers in an ecosystem?
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In a food chain, the second level of organization is occupied by the ______.
In a food chain, the second level of organization is occupied by the ______.
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Match the type of bond with its description:
Match the type of bond with its description:
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Which zone is NOT part of marine ecosystems?
Which zone is NOT part of marine ecosystems?
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Energy flows in an ecosystem from consumers to producers.
Energy flows in an ecosystem from consumers to producers.
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What is the basic unit of matter?
What is the basic unit of matter?
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Which function is NOT performed by proteins in a cell?
Which function is NOT performed by proteins in a cell?
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Plant cells contain lysosomes, while animal cells do not.
Plant cells contain lysosomes, while animal cells do not.
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What is the main purpose of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the main purpose of the Golgi apparatus?
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The diffusion of water over a selectively permeable membrane is known as ______.
The diffusion of water over a selectively permeable membrane is known as ______.
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Match the following stages of the cell cycle with their descriptions:
Match the following stages of the cell cycle with their descriptions:
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Which phase of interphase involves DNA replication?
Which phase of interphase involves DNA replication?
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Hypertonic solutions have a lower concentration of solute than the cells placed in them.
Hypertonic solutions have a lower concentration of solute than the cells placed in them.
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Why do larger cells become less efficient in nutrient and waste transport?
Why do larger cells become less efficient in nutrient and waste transport?
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Study Notes
Biology - First Semester Review
-
Unit 1: Introduction to Biology (Chapter 1)
- Biology is the scientific study of life
- Benefits of studying biology include understanding disease prevention, food production, and advancements in technology.
- Characteristics of living things:
- Composed of one or more cells
- Organized
- Growth and development
- Reproduction
- Response to stimuli
- Use and require energy
- Maintain homeostasis
- Adapt to environment
- Based on a universal genetic code
- Obtain and use resources
- Maintain stable internal environment
- Science aims to provide natural, testable explanations for events in the natural world.
- Limitations of science:
- Only applicable to the natural world
- Cannot prove or disprove supernatural phenomena
- Should not be based on anecdotal evidence
- Avoid overgeneralizations and always/never statements
- Consider the source of data
- Characteristics of good science:
- Curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, and creativity are essential to scientific inquiry.
- Good scientists are willing to ask questions, challenge assumptions, and consider alternative explanations.
Unit 2: Principles of Ecology (Chapter 3)
-
Biotic Factors: Living components of an environment that affect an organism
-
Abiotic Factors: Non-living components of an environment (e.g., sunlight, water, temperature)
-
Climate Zones:
- Tropical: Warm and wet year-round, nutrient-poor soils
- Temperate: Moderate temperatures, fertile soils, periodic fires
- Polar: Cold, low precipitation, thin soils
-
Biomes: Major types of ecosystems determined by climate
- Tropical rainforests
- Tropical dry forests
- Tropical grasslands
- Temperate grasslands
- Temperate forests
- Northwestern coniferous forests
- Boreal forests/tundra
-
Aquatic Ecosystems:
- Rivers, streams, creeks, lakes, ponds, wetlands, estuaries
-
Marine Ecosystems:
- Intertidal zones
- Coastal ocean
- Open ocean
- Photic zones
- Continental shelf
- Aphotic zone
- Benthic zone
Unit 3: Energy in a Community (Chapters 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, & 6.2)
- Energy Flow: Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and webs
- Organisms include:
- Producers
- Primary consumers
- Secondary consumers
- Tertiary consumers
- Food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramid models represent energy flow in ecosystems
Unit 4: Chemistry in Biology (Chapter 2)
- Atoms: Basic units of matter
- Chemical Bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen): bonds that hold atoms together
- Chemical Reactions: processes where reactants are transformed into products
- Chemical reactions and energy: some reactions release energy (spontaneous), others require energy
- Enzymes: biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions
- Solutions: mixtures of solutes (dissolved substance) and solvents (dissolving substance)
- Acids and bases: compounds that release H+ or OH- ions
- Organic Molecules:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
Unit 5: Cell Structure and Function (Chapter 8)
-
Cell theory principles:
- All living things are made of cells
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function
- New cells are produced from existing cells
-
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
-
Cell structures and functions
-
Cell membranes: regulates what enters and leaves the cell
-
Specialized cell parts:
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
-
Cell division:
- Processes of mitosis and cytokinesis
Unit 6: Mitosis (Chapter 11)
- Cell cycle and stages
- Cellular organelles
- Cell cycle: Interphase - G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)
- Stages of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
- Significance of cell size
- Role of cyclins in regulating the cell cycle
- Cancer and the cell cycle
- Role of apoptosis (programmed cell death)
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of biology, including the characteristics of living organisms, the scientific method, and the significance of studying biology. Review the key concepts from Unit 1 to enhance your understanding of the subject before your exam.
