Biology Exam 3 Study Guide

The product rule states that the probability of two independent events occurring together can be calculated by multiplying the individual probabilities of each event occurring alone.

Segregation: two alleles of a single trait will separate randomly, meaning that there is a 50% either allele will end up in either gamete. Independent Assortment: genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes, and every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur.

Genes that are on the same chromosome.

<p>Mating individuals that have different traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A feature of an organism; part of an organism's phenotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trait that appears in an individual, whether they have one or two copies of the gene that specifies the trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trait that appears in an individual only when they have two copies of the gene that specifies the trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probability of two independent events occurring simultaneously can be calculated by multiplying the individual probabilities of each event occurring alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probability of the occurrence of at least one of two mutually exclusive events is the sum of their individual probabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observable traits expressed by an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism's underlying genetic makeup, consisting of both physically visible and non-expressed alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having two different alleles for a particular gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pattern of inheritance in which the heterozygote displays both phenotypes completely and simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the gene responsible for a trait is present on the X chromosome, but not the Y chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes, and every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleles that are located in close proximity to each other on the same chromosome are more likely to be inherited together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene that has more than two alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paired alleles segregate equally into gametes, so that offspring have an equal likelihood of inheriting any combination of factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another gene that is independently inherited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different forms of a gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any of the non-sex chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The result of a cross between two true-breeding parents that express different traits for two characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The result of a cross between two true-breeding parents that express different traits for only one characteristic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>For independent events A and B, the probability (P) of them both occurring (A and B) is (PA × PB).</p> Signup and view all the answers