Biology: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following characteristics is exclusively found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

Ribosomes for protein synthesis
A cell membrane regulating the passage of materials
A membrane-bound nucleus housing DNA (correct)
Cytoplasm containing various organic molecules

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

The process for the removal of waste products from a cell.
The theory that proposes that eukaryotic organelles originated from symbiotic relationships between separate single-celled organisms. (correct)
The uncontrolled growth of cells, leading to tumor formation.
The process by which cells engulf liquids.

How do plant cells differ structurally from animal cells?

Plant cells contain mitochondria; animal cells do not.
Animal cells have a cell wall; plant cells do not.
Animal cells contain a large central vacuole; plant cells do not.
Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall; animal cells lack these. (correct)

Which cellular component is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for delivery to other organelles or secretion?

Golgi Apparatus (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrophobic molecules interact with water?

They are repelled by water and tend to cluster together. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature of phospholipids allows them to spontaneously form bilayers in aqueous solutions?

Their possession of both a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail (B) Signup and view all the answers

Facilitated diffusion requires:

A membrane-bound transport protein to move molecules down their concentration gradient. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

The cell will shrink as water moves out of it. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does cell size affect the rate of diffusion of substances into and out of the cell?

Smaller cells have a faster diffusion rate due to the decreased distance for molecules to travel. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why does a high surface area-to-volume ratio enhance a cell’s ability to efficiently exchange materials with its surroundings?

It minimizes the distance for diffusion, allowing quicker transport of nutrients in and wastes out. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Membrane

The outermost boundary of a cell, composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

The semi-fluid substance inside a cell, containing water, enzymes, and other molecules, in which organelles are suspended and chemical reactions occur.

Nucleus

A membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controlling the cell's growth, metabolism, and reproduction.