47 Questions
What is the primary function of stem cells in epithelia?
To provide mitotic capabilities
The image depicts which type of gland?
Sebaceous gland
What is a characteristic that distinguishes epithelia from connective tissue?
The density of cellular matrix
In which layer of epithelia are stem cells commonly found?
Basal layer
The image depicts which type of lining epithelium?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia
What type of water-resistant protein can be found in stratified squamous epithelium?
Keratin
The image depicts which type of gland?
Simple straight tubular adenomere
What is the difference between keratinized and non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Keratinized epithelium has surface cells without a nucleus, while non-keratinized has surface cells with a nucleus
What is the significance of Myoepithelial cells?
They are contractile cells that help squeeze secretions out.
Which type of epithelium is commonly found in the luminal surface of the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelium
What is the function of cilia in pseudostratified epithelium?
To move mucus up and out of the upper respiratory tract
The image depicts which type of lining epithelium?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelia
The image depicts which type of lining epithelium?
Simple cuboidal epithelia
The image depicts which type of gland?
Simple coiled tubular adenomere
Which germ layer gives rise to the epidermis of the skin?
Ectoderm
What is the purpose of the mucinogen granules in goblet cells?
To produce mucin
The image depicts which type of gland?
Unicellular gland
What is the characteristic feature of pseudostratified epithelium?
Cells are irregularly shaped and sized, but all touch the basement membrane
The image depicts which mode of secretion?
Merocrine
What is the function of hemidesmosomes in epithelium?
To attach the epithelial cells to the basement membrane
The image depicts which type of gland?
Mixed gland
What is the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissues?
To attach the epithelial cells to the underlying connective tissue
The image depicts which type of lining epithelium?
Simple squamous epithelia
What problem can arise if there are issues with cilia in pseudostratified epithelium?
Chronic upper respiratory infections
The image depicts which type of lining epithelia?
Transitional (urothelium) epithelia
Which type of gland secretes its products directly into the bloodstream?
Endocrine
The image depicts which type of gland?
Acinar adenomere
What is the primary function of the specialized plasma membranes in urothelium cells?
To provide an osmotic barrier between tissue and urine
The image depicts which type of gland?
Serous gland
In which of the following locations can pseudostratified epithelium be found?
Upper respiratory system and male reproductive system
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium commonly found?
Lining the choroid plexus of the brain
In which type of gland do cells have a flat, heterochromatic nucleus at the base of each cell?
Mucous gland
Which type of gland is characterized by the presence of ducts and adenomeres?
Exocrine
The image depicts which type of gland?
Mucous gland
What is the characteristic shape of the top layer of cells in the urothelium?
Umbrella
The image depicts which type of lining epithelia?
Pseudostratified epithelia
The image depicts which mode of secretion?
Apocrine
Which of the following statements is correct?
Mesothelium lines body cavities. Endothelium lines vessels and heart chambers.
The image depicts which mode of secretion?
Holocrine
What is the term for the oily secretions produced by sebaceous glands?
Sebum
In merocrine secretion, what happens to the cell during secretion production?
The cell remains intact
Which type of gland has cells with round nuclei, basophilic cytoplasm in the basal part, and an acidophilic apical part ?
Serous gland
What is the term for the crescent-shaped group of cells associated with mucous acinar units in mixed glands?
Serous demilune
Which stain can be used to visualize simple columnar ciliated epithelium?
Azan stain
The image depicts which type of lining epithelium?
Simple columnar epithelia
The image depicts which type of lining epithelium?
Simple columnar ciliated epithelia
The image depicts which type of gland?
Alveolar adenomere
Study Notes
Epithelial Tissue
- Simple squamous epithelium: found lining body cavities, alveolar walls of lungs, and inner walls of blood and lymphatic vessels
- Simple cuboidal epithelium: composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells with round nuclei, found in eye lens, thyroid gland, and choroid plexus of the brain
- Simple columnar epithelium: composed of a single layer of tall, narrow cells with ovoid nuclei, found in luminal surface of stomach, gallbladder, small intestines, and large intestines
- Simple columnar ciliated epithelium: found in oviduct, characterized by cilia, and can be visualized using Azan stain
- Transitional epithelium (Urothelium): contains multiple cell layers, with umbrella-shaped cells, provides osmotic barrier between tissue and urine, found in urinary bladder
Glandular Epithelia
- Unicellular glands: found in epithelial lining and glands of the intestines and respiratory tract, example: goblet cells
- Multicellular glands: classified as endocrine or exocrine glands, examples: adrenal glands, pituitary glands, parathyroid glands, thyroid, and endocrine pancreas
- Special epithelia: contain sensory nerve endings, found in skin, ears, and tongue
Epithelia Characteristics
- Three main germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
- Small blood capillaries do not enter epithelia
- Stem cells: have mitotic capabilities, utilized to repair epithelium, commonly found in basal cell layer
- Functions: protection, friction reduction, cleaning, diffusion, absorption, sensation, secretion
Epithelia vs Connective Tissue
- Epithelia: high cellular density, little intracellular matrix
- Connective tissue: low cellular density, lots of intracellular matrix
- Both have extracellular basement membrane as a selective barrier
Pseudostratified Epithelium
- Composed of a single layer of irregularly shaped cells, attached to the basement membrane
- Can be ciliated (motile) or non-ciliated (non-motile)
- Found in upper respiratory system, nasal tract, trachea, epididymis, and ductus deferens
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- Composed of multiple cell layers, with squamous cellular shape
- Can be keratinized or non-keratinized
- Keratinized cells lose their nucleus, composed of mostly keratin, a protective, water-resistant protein
Glandular Secretion
- Sebaceous glands: produce oily secretions (sebum)
- Serous glands: cells with round nuclei, basophilic cytoplasm, and acidophilic apical part due to zymogen granules
- Mucous glands: cells with flat, heterochromatic nuclei, and vacuolated cytoplasm
- Mixed glands: composed of mucous and serous glands, share a common duct system
- Mode of secretion: Merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine
This quiz covers the basics of epithelia, including special epithelia, germ layers, and the role of stem cells in epithelial repair.
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