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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of enzymes in biological reactions?
What is the main function of enzymes in biological reactions?
- To be altered by the reaction they catalyze
- To act as substrates for other enzymes
- To change the products of the reaction
- To increase the rate of chemical reactions (correct)
Which best defines the term 'substrate' in enzymatic activity?
Which best defines the term 'substrate' in enzymatic activity?
- The enzyme that catalyzes a reaction
- The product formed after the reaction
- The temperature at which an enzyme operates best
- The substance on which an enzyme acts (correct)
What effect does a decrease in temperature below the optimum range have on enzyme activity?
What effect does a decrease in temperature below the optimum range have on enzyme activity?
- Changes the enzyme substrate specificity
- Has no effect on enzyme activity
- Increases enzyme activity indefinitely
- Decreases enzyme activity gradually (correct)
What occurs to enzymes above a temperature of 50°C?
What occurs to enzymes above a temperature of 50°C?
What is the optimum pH for an enzyme?
What is the optimum pH for an enzyme?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the breakdown of stored starch during seed germination?
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the breakdown of stored starch during seed germination?
Which condition is NOT a characteristic that affects enzyme activity?
Which condition is NOT a characteristic that affects enzyme activity?
What is the relationship between kinetic energy and enzyme activity at increased temperatures?
What is the relationship between kinetic energy and enzyme activity at increased temperatures?
How do extreme changes in pH affect some enzymes?
How do extreme changes in pH affect some enzymes?
How do enzymes contribute during seed germination?
How do enzymes contribute during seed germination?
What is the main role of lipases in biological washing powder?
What is the main role of lipases in biological washing powder?
How do proteases assist in cleaning with biological washing powders?
How do proteases assist in cleaning with biological washing powders?
What is one advantage of using biological washing powder?
What is one advantage of using biological washing powder?
Which enzyme is crucial in the preparation of baby food?
Which enzyme is crucial in the preparation of baby food?
What is a significant benefit of pectin in juice production?
What is a significant benefit of pectin in juice production?
Which of the following statements about biological washing powders is true?
Which of the following statements about biological washing powders is true?
Why is the ability to break down fats important in laundry?
Why is the ability to break down fats important in laundry?
What property makes biological washing powders advantageous for delicate fabrics?
What property makes biological washing powders advantageous for delicate fabrics?
What is a primary function of protease enzymes in baby food manufacturing?
What is a primary function of protease enzymes in baby food manufacturing?
Which of the following is NOT a role of pectin in juice production?
Which of the following is NOT a role of pectin in juice production?
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Study Notes
Biological Catalysts
- Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being changed themselves.
- Enzymes are specific, meaning each enzyme works on a particular substrate.
- For example, pepsin, secreted by the stomach, breaks down proteins.
Enzyme Activity & Factors
- Enzymes are affected by temperature and pH.
- Optimum temperature is the temperature at which an enzyme works best.
- Enzyme activity increases with temperature until the optimum temperature is reached.
- Above 50°C, enzymes denature and lose their activity.
- Optimum pH is the pH at which an enzyme works best.
- Changes in pH can decrease enzyme activity.
- Extreme pH changes can denature enzymes.
Enzyme Roles
- Seed Germination:
- Seeds contain inactive enzymes and stored insoluble food.
- When water enters the seed, enzymes become active.
- Enzymes catalyze the breakdown of insoluble food into soluble forms for the embryo.
- Examples of important enzymes:
- Amylase: breaks down starch into maltose.
- Proteases: break down proteins into amino acids.
- Biological Washing Powder:
- Enzymes break down insoluble stains into soluble molecules, making them easier to wash away.
- Examples of important enzymes:
- Lipases: break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, removing greasy stains.
- Proteases: break down proteins into amino acids, removing protein stains.
- Advantages of Biological Washing Powder:
- Less need for boiling, saving energy and expense.
- Reduces damage to clothes from boiling and rubbing.
Pectin
- Pectin is a substance found in fruits that aids juice extraction.
- It helps increase juice volume and makes the juice clearer.
Baby Food
- Proteases are used in making baby food.
- They break down proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids, making them easier for babies to digest.
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