Biology: Enzymes and Cell Types

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What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases up to the optimal point?

Enzyme activity decreases steadily.

Enzyme activity remains constant.

Enzyme activity fluctuates irregularly.

Enzyme activity increases due to higher kinetic energy. (correct)

What occurs when the temperature exceeds the optimal range for an enzyme?

The enzyme becomes more efficient.

The enzyme becomes denatured. (correct)

The reaction rate is unaffected.

There is a continuous increase in enzyme activity.

How does the binding of substrates to enzymes change as enzyme concentration increases?

Substrate binding remains constant regardless of enzyme concentration.

Substrate binding can reach a saturation point. (correct)

All substrates are immediately consumed.

Substrate binding decreases with more enzymes.

What characteristic differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures is typically found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Containment of genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of cellular structure, which of the following is true about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes animal cells from plant cells?

Plant cells contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

What primary role do fats (triacylglycerols) serve in the body?

Storing energy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid contributes to the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer enhances its permeability?

Kinks in unsaturated fatty acid tails Signup and view all the answers

How does temperature affect the fluidity and permeability of a cell membrane?

Cold temperatures decrease fluidity Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes passive transport from active transport?

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell is responsible for storing and replicating DNA?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aquaporins in cellular membranes?

Allowing rapid water passage Signup and view all the answers

What describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

The sequence DNA -> RNA -> Protein explains genetic information flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

To catalyze and speed up reactions Signup and view all the answers

What effect does feedback inhibition have on enzyme activity?

It can control enzyme production rates Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport protein requires ATP to function?

Carrier proteins in active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

To serve as the final electron acceptor Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of saturated fatty acids in membrane structure?

They allow for more stable membrane structure Signup and view all the answers

Where does the electron transport chain take place in eukaryotic cells?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What defines the concept of energetic coupling in cellular metabolism?

Exergonic reactions are powered by endergonic reactions Signup and view all the answers

How does ATP synthase contribute to ATP production?

By allowing protons to flow back into the matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would decrease the rate of a reaction in the electron transport chain?

Presence of a competitive inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

The movement of protons through ATP synthase is driven by what?

A proton gradient across the inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What would be the likely effect of a decrease in temperature on the electron transport chain?

Decreased enzyme activity Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a result of the electron transport chain in addition to ATP?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the chain of redox reactions in the electron transport chain?

Electrons from NADH and FADH2 Signup and view all the answers

Which complex in the electron transport chain is directly involved in pumping protons into the intermembrane space?

Complex I Signup and view all the answers

When electrons flow through the electron transport chain, what is the result of their movement?

Creation of a proton gradient across the membrane Signup and view all the answers