Biology: Enzymes and Cell Types
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Questions and Answers

What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases up to the optimal point?

  • Enzyme activity decreases steadily.
  • Enzyme activity remains constant.
  • Enzyme activity fluctuates irregularly.
  • Enzyme activity increases due to higher kinetic energy. (correct)

    • What occurs when the temperature exceeds the optimal range for an enzyme?

  • The enzyme becomes more efficient.
  • The enzyme becomes denatured. (correct)
  • The reaction rate is unaffected.
  • There is a continuous increase in enzyme activity.

    • How does the binding of substrates to enzymes change as enzyme concentration increases?

  • Substrate binding remains constant regardless of enzyme concentration.
  • Substrate binding can reach a saturation point. (correct)
  • All substrates are immediately consumed.
  • Substrate binding decreases with more enzymes.

    • What characteristic differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these structures is typically found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Containment of genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of cellular structure, which of the following is true about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes animal cells from plant cells?

    <p>Plant cells contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary role do fats (triacylglycerols) serve in the body?

    <p>Storing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid contributes to the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer enhances its permeability?

    <p>Kinks in unsaturated fatty acid tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature affect the fluidity and permeability of a cell membrane?

    <p>Cold temperatures decrease fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes passive transport from active transport?

    <p>Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cell is responsible for storing and replicating DNA?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of aquaporins in cellular membranes?

    <p>Allowing rapid water passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>The sequence DNA -&gt; RNA -&gt; Protein explains genetic information flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

    <p>To catalyze and speed up reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does feedback inhibition have on enzyme activity?

    <p>It can control enzyme production rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport protein requires ATP to function?

    <p>Carrier proteins in active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

    <p>To serve as the final electron acceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of saturated fatty acids in membrane structure?

    <p>They allow for more stable membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the electron transport chain take place in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>In the inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the concept of energetic coupling in cellular metabolism?

    <p>Exergonic reactions are powered by endergonic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ATP synthase contribute to ATP production?

    <p>By allowing protons to flow back into the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would decrease the rate of a reaction in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Presence of a competitive inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement of protons through ATP synthase is driven by what?

    <p>A proton gradient across the inner membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the likely effect of a decrease in temperature on the electron transport chain?

    <p>Decreased enzyme activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced as a result of the electron transport chain in addition to ATP?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the chain of redox reactions in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Electrons from NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex in the electron transport chain is directly involved in pumping protons into the intermembrane space?

    <p>Complex I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When electrons flow through the electron transport chain, what is the result of their movement?

    <p>Creation of a proton gradient across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

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