Biology: Enzymes and Cell Types

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Questions and Answers

What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases up to the optimal point?

  • Enzyme activity decreases steadily.
  • Enzyme activity remains constant.
  • Enzyme activity fluctuates irregularly.
  • Enzyme activity increases due to higher kinetic energy. (correct)

What occurs when the temperature exceeds the optimal range for an enzyme?

  • The enzyme becomes more efficient.
  • The enzyme becomes denatured. (correct)
  • The reaction rate is unaffected.
  • There is a continuous increase in enzyme activity.

How does the binding of substrates to enzymes change as enzyme concentration increases?

  • Substrate binding remains constant regardless of enzyme concentration.
  • Substrate binding can reach a saturation point. (correct)
  • All substrates are immediately consumed.
  • Substrate binding decreases with more enzymes.

What characteristic differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

<p>Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures is typically found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Containment of genetic material. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of cellular structure, which of the following is true about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

<p>Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes animal cells from plant cells?

<p>Plant cells contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary role do fats (triacylglycerols) serve in the body?

<p>Storing energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid contributes to the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

<p>Phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer enhances its permeability?

<p>Kinks in unsaturated fatty acid tails (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does temperature affect the fluidity and permeability of a cell membrane?

<p>Cold temperatures decrease fluidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes passive transport from active transport?

<p>Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell is responsible for storing and replicating DNA?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aquaporins in cellular membranes?

<p>Allowing rapid water passage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

<p>The sequence DNA -&gt; RNA -&gt; Protein explains genetic information flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

<p>To catalyze and speed up reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does feedback inhibition have on enzyme activity?

<p>It can control enzyme production rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport protein requires ATP to function?

<p>Carrier proteins in active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

<p>To serve as the final electron acceptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of saturated fatty acids in membrane structure?

<p>They allow for more stable membrane structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the electron transport chain take place in eukaryotic cells?

<p>In the inner mitochondrial membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the concept of energetic coupling in cellular metabolism?

<p>Exergonic reactions are powered by endergonic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ATP synthase contribute to ATP production?

<p>By allowing protons to flow back into the matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would decrease the rate of a reaction in the electron transport chain?

<p>Presence of a competitive inhibitor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of protons through ATP synthase is driven by what?

<p>A proton gradient across the inner membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the likely effect of a decrease in temperature on the electron transport chain?

<p>Decreased enzyme activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a result of the electron transport chain in addition to ATP?

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the chain of redox reactions in the electron transport chain?

<p>Electrons from NADH and FADH2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complex in the electron transport chain is directly involved in pumping protons into the intermembrane space?

<p>Complex I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When electrons flow through the electron transport chain, what is the result of their movement?

<p>Creation of a proton gradient across the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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