Biology Ecology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of consumer feeds exclusively on plants?

Herbivores (correct)

Detritivores

Carnivores

Omnivores

What are tertiary carnivores known for?

Feeding on other carnivores (correct)

Feeding on herbivores

Being exclusively parasitic

Eating plants

Detritivores primarily consume what type of material?

Only animal flesh

Dead organisms (correct)

Living plants

Fruits

What best represents the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

Unidirectional flow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about food chains and food webs?

Food webs depict the interconnection of food chains. Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are considered saprophytes?

Fungi and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What type of parasite lives inside the body of its host?

Endoparasites Signup and view all the answers

How do consumers generally obtain their food?

By feeding on other organisms Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary goal of the Millennium Development Goals related to education?

Achieve universal primary education Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a focus of the Sustainable Development Goals regarding health?

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sustainable development, what is emphasized regarding resource use?

Sustainable consumption patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which Sustainable Development Goal addresses inequality?

Reduce inequality within and among countries Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the aims of the Sustainable Development Goals in terms of climate change?

Promote urgent action to combat climate change Signup and view all the answers

What type of education is recommended for illiterate people in sustainable development?

Both formal and informal education Signup and view all the answers

Which greenhouse gases are mentioned as participating in the greenhouse effect?

CO, CO2, and CH4 Signup and view all the answers

Which Sustainable Development Goal is concerned with sustainable urban development?

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable Signup and view all the answers

What is a goal related to marine resources within the Sustainable Development Goals?

Ensure sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources Signup and view all the answers

What are common environmental effects of mining mentioned in the content?

Deforestation and groundwater contamination Signup and view all the answers

What type of mining involves creating a hole in the land?

Land dredging Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is noted for its use in electronic devices like cell phones and laptops?

Tantalum Signup and view all the answers

What is the major environmental impact of river dredging specifically?

Water quality degradation Signup and view all the answers

What chemical is primarily responsible for converting water into sulfuric acid due to mining activities?

Sulfur Signup and view all the answers

What effect does long-term exposure to noise levels above 75 dB have on humans?

Causes hearing impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main structural inequalities in the global economic system linked to?

Global Sharing concept Signup and view all the answers

What does dry weight represent in an ecosystem?

The amount of energy available in biomass Signup and view all the answers

In a partially upright pyramid of number, which trophic level has the largest biomass?

Producers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor driving anthropogenic climate change?

Carbon dioxide production Signup and view all the answers

What health issues can poor housing cause?

Direct measurable impacts on physical and mental health Signup and view all the answers

How are trophic levels connected in ecosystems?

Through food chains and webs Signup and view all the answers

Which trophic level is represented at 1 kg in the pyramid of energy?

Top carnivore Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pollutants is associated with 'sick building syndrome'?

Volatile organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major issues with the disposal of polyvinyl chloride?

It generates greenhouse gases Signup and view all the answers

In an inverted pyramid of numbers, what typically occurs?

Carnivores significantly outnumber herbivores Signup and view all the answers

Which material is known to cause significant environmental impacts during its manufacturing process?

Metals Signup and view all the answers

What signifies the biomass in an upright pyramid of biomass?

A decrease in biomass as one moves up Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible reason for the formation of food webs in ecosystems?

To represent complex interconnections between food chains Signup and view all the answers

What is a harmful characteristic of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in buildings?

They release harmful gases into the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

In terms of weight per area, which group has the least weight in a typical ecosystem pyramid?

Top carnivores Signup and view all the answers

What negative aspect is associated with high-tech modern buildings?

Potential indoor air pollution Signup and view all the answers

Why is asbestos now considered harmful?

It is harmful for health Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the expected impacts of increasing temperatures by 2–4°C by the end of the century?

Decreased agricultural productivity Signup and view all the answers

Which region is mentioned as experiencing an increase in rainfall?

Florida, USA Signup and view all the answers

What severe weather condition may become more common due to rising temperatures?

Heat waves Signup and view all the answers

What was the recorded high temperature that resulted in deaths in India?

48.6°C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of an erratic monsoon in India?

Food insecurity Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the anticipated effects of the rising population on energy consumption?

Increased energy demands Signup and view all the answers

How might climate change impact energy production?

It may reduce energy efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to daily needs of citizens due to climate impacts?

They may become more challenging to meet Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

People, Development, and Environment

The concept of people encompasses population and its factors: birth rate (natality), death rate (mortality), migration, population dispersal, and age distribu- tion.
Development and environment are interconnected through the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals.
Human-environment interactions involve anthropo- genic activities and their impact on the environ- ment.
Environmental issues exist at local, regional, and global scales, including air, water, soil, noise pollution, waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, haz- ardous, electronic), and climate change.
Impacts of pollutants on human health are impor- tant considerations.
Natural and energy resources are vital, such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass, nuclear, and forests.
Natural hazards and disasters require mitigation strategies.
Environmental protection acts, national action plans, and international agreements/efforts (Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance) are crucial to the protection of the environment.

Ecology

Ecology is the scientific study of relationships between living organisms and their environment at the individual, population, and community levels.
Ecological footprint measures human consum- ption of resources relative to Earth's capacity.
Species are sets of organisms similar in certain features. A population consists of species members interacting in a given area.
Community involves interacting populations of dif- ferent species in a geographic area.
Ecosystems encompass communities and their physical environment, exhibiting energy and mate- rial exchange with their surroundings.
Ecotones are transitional areas between different plant communities.
Biotic components are producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Abiotic components include chemical and physical factors like water, light, soil, humidity, and minerals.

Biomes, Habitats, and Spheres

Biomes are Earth's major ecosystems, characterized by climate and dominant life forms. Different types include deserts, grasslands, forests, and tundras.
Habitats are specific areas where organisms live, including physical and biotic factors.
Four interconnected Earth spheres are:
The lithosphere (solid rock)
The hydrosphere (water)
The atmosphere (air)
The biosphere (living things)

Ecosystem Functions

Ecosystems perform crucial functions like main- taining different food chains and food webs, the cyclic flow of nutrients, and regulating processes of primary and secondary production.
Ecological pyramids show relationships between producers, primary consumers, secondary con- sumers, as well as the amounts of energy at each trophic level, or the numbers of organisms.
Ecological pyramids can be upright or inverted, depending on the specific ecosystem.

Development and Environment

Development strategies require consideration of environmental impacts through sustainable development.
Various indicators like the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) gauge human well- being, accounting for income, health, and know- ledge.

Environmental Issues: Air, Water, Soil, and Noise

Major air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, suspended parti- culate matter (SPM), and volatile organic com- pounds (VOCs).
Water pollution stems from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and sewage.
Soil pollution results from industrial waste, agricul- tural runoff, and improper waste disposal.
Noise pollution emanates from traffic, industry, and construction.

Environmental Protection Act (EPA)

The EPA is crucial for managing and controlling pollution and hazardous substances.
Key concepts like polluter-pays principle (PPP) and beneficiary-pays principle (BPP) are central to this concept.

Important Days

Various important days related to the environ- ment, including World Environment Day, World Earth Day, etc. include awareness and related memorable events.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity encompasses genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.
Conservation efforts utilize in situ methods (e.g., national parks) and ex situ methods (e.g., zoos, seed banks).
Conservation prioritizes endangered species and those in threatened categories as listed by the IUCN.

Natural and Energy Resources

Important natural resources include minerals (e.g., iron, gold), and fossils fuels (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas).
Renewable energy resources including solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal are gaining impor- tance.

Climate Change

Climate change involves shifts in global weather patterns.
Human activities, especially greenhouse gas emissions, are significant drivers of climate change.
Deforestation and unsustainable agriculture lead to loss of biodiversity and contribute to climate change.
Climate change impacts include sea level rise, increased frequency of extreme weather events (hurricanes, floods, droughts), and disruptions to ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

Conservation of Natural Resources

Conservation encompasses efforts to protect resources, such as forests, wildlife and water from degradation, misuse and extinction.
Public awareness and community participation are important elements in successful conserva- tion programs.

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Description

Test your knowledge of ecological concepts with this quiz focused on consumer types, energy flow, and food chains in ecosystems. Understand the roles of various organisms such as carnivores, detritivores, and saprophytes. Challenge yourself with questions about their relationships and the impact on education goals.