Macromolecules Energy Storage Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

Monomers: Carbohydrates - monosaccharides, Lipids - glycerol and fatty acids, Nucleic acids - nucleotides, Proteins - amino acids. Polymers: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids.

What are the major functions of each macromolecule?

Carbohydrates - provide energy and regulate blood glucose; Lipids - store energy and help form cell membranes; Proteins - required for structure, function, and regulation of body tissues and organs; Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA inherited from parents.

Provide an example for each type of macromolecule.

Carbohydrates - starch, sugar, cellulose, glucose; Lipids - triglycerides, steroids; Proteins - eggs, meat, peroxidase, nuts, cheese; Nucleic Acids - DNA, RNA.

Compare the relative energy storage of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Carbohydrates - 4 calories/milligram; Lipids - 9 calories/milligram; Proteins - 4 calories/milligram. Signup and view all the answers

In what order does the body consume carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins for energy?

<ol> <li>Carbs 2. Lipids 3. Proteins.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are macromolecules?

Large organic molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What are carbohydrates broken down to?

Glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What are monosaccharides?

Glucose, fructose, galactose. Signup and view all the answers

What are polysaccharides?

Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides. Signup and view all the answers

What are lipids?

Energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is glycerol?

A compound that combines with fatty acids to make lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What are fatty acids?

Building blocks of lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins?

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What are amino acids?

Building blocks of proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What are nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nucleotide?

A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Macromolecules Overview

Macromolecules are large organic molecules essential for life.
They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Monomers and Polymers

Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose); Polymers: starch, cellulose.
Lipids: Glycerol and fatty acids; Polymers: triglycerides, steroids.
Proteins: Amino acids; Polymers: polypeptides, proteins.
Nucleic acids: Nucleotides; Polymers: DNA, RNA.

Functions of Macromolecules

Carbohydrates: Provide energy and regulate blood glucose levels (e.g., glucose).
Lipids: Store energy and form cell membranes (e.g., triglycerides).
Proteins: Essential for structure, function, and regulation in tissues (e.g., enzymes like peroxidase).
Nucleic Acids: Store and transfer genetic information (e.g., DNA, RNA).

Energy Storage Comparison

Carbohydrates: 4 calories/milligram.
Lipids: 9 calories/milligram (highest energy source).
Proteins: 4 calories/milligram.

Energy Consumption Order

The body uses carbohydrates first for quick energy, then lipids for long-term energy, and lastly proteins for energy when others are unavailable.
Digestion begins with carbohydrates in the mouth, followed by fats in the small intestine, and proteins in the stomach.

Diet and Exercise for Weight Loss

Focus on a balanced intake of carbohydrates for energy, healthy fats for satiety, and proteins for muscle maintenance.
Regular exercise can enhance fat utilization and overall health.

Types of Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, galactose.
Polysaccharides: Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides (e.g., starch).

Lipids Characteristics

Energy-rich compounds include fats, oils, and waxes.
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Building Blocks

Glycerol: Combines with fatty acids to form lipids.
Fatty acids: The basic building blocks of lipids.
Amino acids: The building blocks of proteins; crucial for cell and tissue maintenance.

Nucleic Acids

Composed of nucleotides, which consist of a five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group.
Key for genetic information storage and transfer.

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Description

Test your understanding of macromolecules in biology with this quiz. Explore the definitions, structures, monomers, and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Perfect for students studying foundational biological concepts.