Recent

  • Show all results for ""

🎧 New: AI-Generated Podcasts Turn your study notes into engaging audio conversations. Learn more

Biology: Classification of Organisms
40 Questions
2 Views

Biology: Classification of Organisms

Created by
@TollFreeLesNabis

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the science of characterizing organisms in order to arrange them into hierarchical groups?

  • Identification
  • Nomenclature
  • Taxonomy (correct)
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer

    • What is the process of characterizing an isolate in order to determine the group to which it belongs?

  • Identification (correct)
  • Classification
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer
  • Nomenclature

    • What is the term for the transfer of DNA from one organism to another through conjugation, DNA-mediated transformation, or transduction?

  • Species
  • Taxonomy
  • Horizontal Gene Transfer (correct)
  • Genus

    • What is the basic unit of taxonomy?

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a group of closely related strains?

    <p>Strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collection of related species?

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collection of similar kingdoms?

    <p>Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tracks bacterial strains causing foodborne diseases?

    <p>PulseNet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology?

    <p>To classify bacterial and archaeal species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to identify the genus and species of an isolate in clinical laboratories?

    <p>To diagnose and treat diseases effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for classification in the newest edition of Bergey's Manual?

    <p>Phylogeny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if the properties of a newly isolated prokaryotic organism do not match any description in Bergey's Manual?

    <p>The organism is presumed to be a new species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might it be easier to determine the cause of pneumonia than the cause of a wound infection?

    <p>The cause of pneumonia is more easily identified through laboratory tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the newest and previous editions of Bergey's Manual?

    <p>The newest edition classifies organisms based on phylogeny, while the previous edition classified based on phenotypic characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might some biologists be reluctant to accept the three-domain system?

    <p>Because it replaces the traditional five-kingdom system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of identification in clinical laboratories?

    <p>Based on phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microorganisms are members of the genus Mycobacterium?

    <p>Acid-fast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using an acid-fast stain in a patient with symptoms of tuberculosis?

    <p>To help identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of colonies of the bacterium Serratia marcescens when incubated at 228C?

    <p>They are often red due to the production of a pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

    <p>They have a distinct fruity odor and produce a soluble greenish pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using metabolic capabilities in identifying microorganisms?

    <p>To identify the type of sugars it ferments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medium is used to detect the presence of E. coli?

    <p>MacConkey agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using colony morphology in identifying microorganisms?

    <p>To give initial clues to the identity of the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the analogy used to describe the process of identifying microorganisms based on their metabolic capabilities?

    <p>Identifying people based on their hair color, food preferences, and hobbies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of placing paper discs containing different antibiotics on the agar?

    <p>To determine the susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to determine the evolutionary relationships of microorganisms?

    <p>Because of the diversity of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of using phenotypic traits to classify prokaryotes?

    <p>Phenotypic differences can be due to environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using molecular techniques to identify microorganisms?

    <p>It can detect genomic differences between strains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the antibiogram?

    <p>To determine the susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of using fossilized stromatolites to study microorganisms?

    <p>They give few clues to help identify or understand ancient microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of strains of a given species?

    <p>They may differ in phenotypic characteristics such as biochemical capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA sequencing techniques in prokaryotic classification?

    <p>It is used to classify microorganisms based on their evolutionary relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inoculating a stool sample onto a special agar medium?

    <p>To identify E.coli O157:H7 in a stool specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the sorbitol-MacConkey agar medium?

    <p>It is a modified version of MacConkey agar that contains the carbohydrate sorbitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of comparing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of E.coli O157:H7 isolates used for?

    <p>To determine if two isolates originated from the same source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome if two isolates have identical RFLP patterns?

    <p>They are presumed to have originated from the same source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CDC's investigation in the E.coli O157:H7 outbreak?

    <p>To determine the source of the outbreak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the CDC's investigation in the E.coli O157:H7 outbreak?

    <p>The determination that the outbreak originated from a single source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the restriction enzymes in the process of RFLP?

    <p>They are used to digest the DNA of E.coli O157:H7 isolates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the gel electrophoresis in the process of RFLP?

    <p>To separate and visualize the DNA fragments of E.coli O157:H7 isolates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Organisms

    • There are three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
    • Kingdoms are grouped into domains, and domains are used to classify organisms
    • Genus is a collection of related species, and species is a group of closely related strains
    • Taxonomy is the science of characterizing organisms to arrange them into hierarchical groups (taxa)

    Horizontal Gene Transfer

    • Transfer of DNA from one organism to another through conjugation, DNA-mediated transformation, or transduction
    • Horizontal gene transfer can be used to classify or identify certain organisms

    Identification of Organisms

    • Identification is the process of characterizing an isolate to determine the group (taxon) it belongs to
    • PulseNet tracks bacterial strains causing foodborne diseases
    • In clinical laboratories, identifying the genus and species of an isolate is more important than understanding its evolutionary relationship to other organisms

    Bergey's Manual

    • Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a reference text that describes all known bacterial and archaeal species
    • If a newly isolated prokaryotic organism does not agree with any description in Bergey's Manual, it is presumed to be a new organism

    Identification Methods

    • Based on phenotype: acid-fast staining, differential media, and colony morphology
    • Metabolic capabilities: fermentation of sugars, end products, and enzymatic activities

    Culture Characteristics

    • Colony morphology: initial clues to the identity of an organism
    • Examples: Serratia marcescens (red colonies), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (greenish pigment, fruity odor)

    DNA-Based Identification

    • Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis is used to compare DNA patterns of isolates
    • Identical patterns indicate that isolates originated from the same source

    Antibiotic Susceptibility

    • Antibiogram: a culture is uniformly inoculated onto nutrient agar, and paper discs containing antibiotics are placed on the agar
    • Clear areas around discs indicate inhibition or killing of the organism by the antibiotic

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn about the different domains, kingdoms, and taxonomic ranks in biology, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

    More Quizzes Like This

    Biology: Classification and Taxonomy
    14 questions

    Biology: Classification and Taxonomy

    ReasonedAloe avatar
    ReasonedAloe
    Biology Taxonomy and Classification Quiz
    33 questions

    Biology Taxonomy and Classification Quiz

    EnthralledSaxhorn avatar
    EnthralledSaxhorn
    Biology Taxonomy and Classification
    27 questions

    Biology Taxonomy and Classification

    RadiantLaplace9461 avatar
    RadiantLaplace9461
    Biology Classification and Taxonomy Flashcards
    35 questions

    Biology Classification and Taxonomy Flashcards

    BeneficentHonor6192 avatar
    BeneficentHonor6192
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser