Biology Classification of Living Organisms

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following organisms are classified as unicellular organisms?

Humans

Trees

Amoeba (correct)

Fungi

What is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

They lack membrane-bound organelles. (correct)

They contain a nucleus.

They are always multicellular.

They have complex structures.

Which cellular structure is responsible for energy production in the cell?

Mitochondria (correct)

Lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which type of cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

Prokaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What role do ribosomes play in a cell?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Cellular respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical component of prokaryotic cells?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the maturation of proteins within eukaryotic cells?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

Creates identical diploid cells for growth and repair. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells in terms of structure?

Absence of membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Four haploid cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is specifically found in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the equatorial plane?

Metaphase. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Meiosis involves crossing over of homologous chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What type of starting cell is used in both mitosis and meiosis?

Diploid (2n). Signup and view all the answers

Are all bacteria harmful to humans?

No, some bacteria are beneficial for human health. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of cytology?

Studying cellular structures and functions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding viruses?

Viruses require a host to survive and replicate. Signup and view all the answers

How does histology differ from cytology?

Histology examines cells, while cytology studies tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential misconception about bacteria?

There are beneficial bacteria that contribute positively to health. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Living Organisms

Organisms are categorized into unicellular and multicellular types.
Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell, examples are Bacteria, Viruses, Amoeba, Paramecium, and Yeast.
Multicellular organisms are composed of multiple cells.
Multicellular organisms are further divided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, an example is Bacteria.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, further divided into animal and plant cells.

Cellular Structure

Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell.
Cytoskeleton provides structural support and aids in the movement within the cell.
Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that separates the cell's interior from its surroundings.
Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes involved in protein synthesis and transport.
Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are responsible for energy production.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
Lysosomes are involved in intracellular digestion.
Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and other molecules.
Nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).
Centrioles are involved in cell division.

Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis creates identical diploid cells for growth and repair.
The starting cell for mitosis is diploid (2n).
Mitosis involves Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
Meiosis creates haploid gametes (sex cells) for sexual reproduction.
The starting cell for meiosis is diploid (2n).
Meiosis involves two rounds of division.
Meiosis I includes Interphase, Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I.
Meiosis II includes Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II.
The result of meiosis is four haploid (n) cells.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells:
- Contain a nucleus, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, peroxisomes, and ribosomes.
Prokaryotic Cells:
- Classified based on the thickness of the cell wall and shape.
- Contain a capsule, cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA or RNA, and flagella.

Symbiotic Associations and Pathogens

Symbiotic associations are close relationships between two organisms where both benefit.
Some microorganisms can cause disease, these are called pathogens.

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plant cells.

Questions regarding Bacteria, Cytology, and Viruses

Question 1: Are All Bacteria Harmful?
- Answer: No, there are beneficial bacteria, like Archea.
Question 2: Cytology vs.Histology
- Answer: Cytology examines cells, while histology examines tissues.
Question 3: Can Viruses Survive Independently?
- Answer: No, viruses cannot survive independently.

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Description

This quiz covers the classification of living organisms, focusing on unicellular and multicellular types. It explores the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, along with cellular structures and their functions. Test your knowledge on the foundational concepts of biology!