Questions and Answers
Currently, scientists are using a classification system that consists of how many domains?
What kingdom do true bacteria belong to?
Eubacteria
Who proposed the Theory of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin
What term refers to cells that do not possess a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles?
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What anatomical structures are similar in function but different in structure called?
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What term refers to the structure of an organism?
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What kingdom contains green photosynthetic plants?
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An organism that is placed at the bottom of a phylogenetic tree is the ___________ of the organisms placed above it.
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What was the third kingdom added to the original system of classification that had only two kingdoms?
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What anatomical structures in different organisms are similar in structure but different in function called?
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What is the sixth level of classification in the system developed by Linnaeus?
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What is the second level of classification in the system developed by Linnaeus?
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What is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully?
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A phylum is divided into several?
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What system of naming assigns each organism a two-part name?
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In what language are all scientific names written?
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What is the final, or most specific, level of classification?
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What term means that a cell possesses a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?
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Which kingdom contains thermophiles that can live in hot boiling water?
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What part of the scientific name is always written in lowercase letters?
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What branch of biology classifies organisms and assigns each a universally accepted name?
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According to Darwin, the organisms alive today are descended with ______________ from ancestral species.
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What structures are reduced in size and seem to be 'leftovers' from a previous ancestor?
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Which kingdom contains organisms such as algae and protozoans?
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What is the fifth level of classification in the system developed by Linnaeus?
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What part of the scientific name is always capitalized?
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What is the most recent addition to the levels of classification, essentially a 'super kingdom'?
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What does the evolutionary history of an organism refer to?
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What is the newest method of classification using 'shared derived characters'?
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Which domain do all organisms possessing cells with nuclei and membrane-bound organelles belong?
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What method is used to identify an organism with choices leading to identification?
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What cellular characteristic is shared by true bacteria and archaea bacteria?
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Which kingdom do very ancient and often extreme bacteria belong to?
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What kingdom contains heterotrophic organisms with wall cells made of chitin?
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The greater the number of ____________ structures two organisms share, the more closely related they are thought to be.
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Which domain do the very ancient and often extreme bacteria belong to?
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Who is the Swedish naturalist who developed the classification system we use today?
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What is a diagram that uses shared derived characters to show relationships among organisms?
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What model uses DNA comparisons to estimate the time two species have been evolving independently?
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What is the fourth level of classification in the system developed by Linnaeus?
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What is a family tree that shows evolutionary relationships thought to exist among different groups of organisms?
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Which kingdom contains organisms with no cell walls, no chloroplasts, and are heterotrophs?
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What kingdom contains mushrooms and molds?
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What feature evolved only within a particular group, like feathers in birds?
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What domain does the true bacteria belong to?
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If two organisms can mate and produce fertile offspring, they are placed in the same __________.
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What kingdom contains bacteria such as streptococcus and staphylococcus?
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Which kingdom contains organisms that have both plant-like and animal-like characteristics?
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What is the number of levels of classification in the system developed by Linnaeus?
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What is the highest, or broadest, level of classification developed by Linnaeus?
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Study Notes
Classification Systems
- Current classification includes three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya.
- The hierarchical system developed by Linnaeus has seven levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Organism Characteristics
- Eubacteria kingdom consists of true bacteria, e.g., streptococcus and staphylococcus.
- Archaebacteria kingdom includes ancient, extreme bacteria; organisms thrive in extreme environments (e.g., thermophiles).
- Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; include organisms in the Eukarya domain.
Evolutionary Theory
- Natural Selection, proposed by Charles Darwin, explains how organisms better adapted to environments survive and reproduce effectively.
- Phylogeny denotes the evolutionary history of an organism, while cladistics employs shared derived characters for classifications.
Comparative Anatomy
- Homologous structures share a common ancestry, differing in function; analogous structures serve a similar function but do not share a lineage.
- Vestigial structures are remnants of former ancestral features, reduced in size and function over time.
Taxonomy Terminology
- Binomial nomenclature names organisms with a two-part Latin name; genus is capitalized and species is in lowercase.
- Dichotomous keys provide a systematic method for identifying organisms through successive choices.
Classification Levels
- Kingdom Plantae contains green, photosynthetic plants, whereas Kingdom Animalia includes heterotrophic organisms with no cell walls or chloroplasts.
- Fungi kingdom is made up of organisms with cell walls composed of chitin, including mushrooms and molds.
- Protista kingdom houses organisms with both plant-like and animal-like features, such as algae and protozoans.
Evolutionary Relationships
- Cladograms visually represent relationships among organisms based on shared characteristics.
- Molecular clocks estimate the timeline of species' evolution based on DNA comparisons.
- A phylogenetic tree illustrates the evolutionary relationships among various organisms.
Miscellaneous
- The common ancestor is situated at the base of a phylogenetic tree, representing the lineage from which other organisms descended.
- The term "derived character" refers specifically to features evolved within a particular group, such as feathers in birds.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification and taxonomy of living organisms with this engaging quiz. Cover essential terms such as domains, kingdoms, and key scientists in the field. Perfect for biology students and enthusiasts alike!
