Questions and Answers
What are the two original kingdoms described by Linnaeus?
Under the classification system, the level below the kingdom is called ______.
phylum
Name a major phylum within the animal kingdom.
chordata
The class is divided into families.
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Which of the following is an example of the order within mammals?
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What is the final classification level after genus?
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The genus name for all human species is ______.
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Match the classification ranks with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Classification System Overview
- Linnaeus initially established a two-kingdom system: animals and plants.
- Modern classification recognizes at least five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists, and monera (bacteria).
- A proposed sixth kingdom, viruses, is debated among scientists.
Phylum
- Phylum is the level below kingdom, with the plural form being phyla.
- Major animal phyla include:
- Chordata: animals with backbones
- Arthropoda: includes insects
- Mollusca: mollusks such as snails
- Phyla are continuously redefined as new species are discovered.
Class
- Classes are subdivisions of phyla.
- Examples of classes within the chordata phylum:
- Mammalia: mammals
- Reptilia: reptiles
- Osteichthyes: fish
Order
- Orders are subdivisions within classes.
- Examples of orders within the class Mammalia:
- Cetacea: whales and dolphins
- Carnivora: carnivores
- Primates: includes monkeys, apes, and humans
- Chiroptera: bats
Family
- Families arise from orders in the classification hierarchy.
- Examples of families within the order Primates:
- Hominidae: great apes and humans
- Cercopithecidae: old-world monkeys like baboons
- Hylobatidae: gibbons and lesser apes
Genus and Species
- Classification culminates in genus (plural: genera) and species.
- Two names are typically used to identify an organism, a hallmark of Linnaeus' system.
- Example within the primate family:
- Genus Homo for all human species, e.g., Homo sapiens.
- Genus Pongo for orangutans, e.g., Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) and Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan).
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of Linnaeus' classification system through these flashcards. Learn about kingdoms, phylum, and the evolution of scientific classification. Perfect for students wanting to deepen their understanding of biological taxonomy.
