Biology: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

<p>70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of forward reaction equals the rate of reverse reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To speed up chemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state where the rate of forward reaction equals the rate of reverse reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water plays a crucial role in facilitating many chemical reactions in the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are inversely proportional: as hydrogen ion concentration increases, pH decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a stable pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A one-unit change in pH corresponds to a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the pH of a solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong acids are more likely to dissociate completely in solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0 to 14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$10^{-9}$ M (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help cells maintain the correct pH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pH that is neither acidic nor basic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing genetic information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a non-polar substance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solubility of non-polar molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the hydrogen ion concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong acid releases more hydrogen ions into solution than a weak acid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoionization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentrations are equal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances that are repelled by water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water evaporates from the skin, taking heat away. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow water molecules to form a cage-like structure around polar molecules, making them easier to dissolve. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is always hydrophobic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonpolar covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil molecules are nonpolar, while water molecules are polar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon and hydrogen in methane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrophobic regions of the molecules trying to avoid contact with water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass measures the total weight, while moles measure the number of particles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water vapor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules are strongly attracted to each other through hydrogen bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules are polar and can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms at the bottom of the periodic table have the highest mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a way to measure the mass of individual atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substances in solutions can have different sizes and weights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ice is the solid form of water, water is the liquid form, and water vapor is the gaseous form. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The low density of water in its liquid state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosaccharide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers are made up of multiple monomers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and provide energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their hydrophilic nature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help regulate blood sugar levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose and fructose have different chemical structures and properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They occur primarily between carbon and hydrogen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroxyl group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain only carbon and hydrogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have partial charges and are hydrophilic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-polar covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They dissolve easily and interact with water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-polar covalent bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is greater than that of hydrogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is hydrophobic and does not dissolve in water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are formed from nonpolar covalent bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single building block unit of a polymer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are nonpolar and electrically neutral. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large structure formed from many monomers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large molecules are broken down into monomers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms of the same element. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are generally polar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One polymer and one water molecule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bonds are broken with the help of water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot form hydrogen bonds with water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water attracts charged ions and can disrupt nonpolar bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aqueous solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen has a greater electronegativity than hydrogen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of charges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The crystals dissolve and the ions separate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They readily interact with water molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonpolar covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amphipathic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opposite charges attract. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water molecules cluster around hydrophobic molecules, minimizing their contact with water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amphipathic molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can form hydrogen bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is a major component of cells and organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a stable pH by resisting large changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of hydrogen ions increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH increases, leading to a more basic solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a stable pH environment for cellular processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cells will be disrupted, potentially leading to malfunction or damage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By the ionization of water molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As pH increases, hydrogen ion concentration decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide students with extra practice on the lecture material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By visualizing how buffers work in a solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By encouraging the student to play around with the different components and observe the results. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow students to explore concepts in a safe and controlled environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the importance of using both observation and measurement in biological research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By adjusting the hydrogen ion concentration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The calculator section that allows for entering and calculating hydrogen ion concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To showcase how technology can enhance learning in science. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tiny machines in biological systems that speed up chemical reactions.

Materials or substances that start a chemical reaction.

Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

A state where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

Water is the most abundant molecule essential for biological reactions.

A process where reactants are transformed into products.

Approximately 70% of the human body weight is due to water.

All cellular activities occur in a watery environment.

Attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and electronegative atoms, like oxygen.

Water requires a lot of energy to change temperature due to hydrogen bonds.

Requires energy to disrupt hydrogen bonds for phase changes.

Water dissolves many substances, aiding biological processes.

Water participates as a reactant or product in biochemical reactions.

Plants use water to maintain turgor pressure, providing firmness.

Evaporation of water helps regulate body temperature by cooling.

Water molecules stick together, creating surface tension.

Water molecules stick to other materials, aiding capillary action.

Molecules that do not interact with water, like oils.

Water molecules can break apart into hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

Compounds that alter the concentration of hydrogen ions in water.

Strong acids release more hydrogen ions than weak acids in solution.

Measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution, determining acidity.

Unique characteristics like high heat capacity and solvent capability due to hydrogen bonds.

A mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.

The dissolved materials in a solution, such as salts or sugars.

The liquid in which solutes are dissolved, commonly water.

A solution where water is the solvent.

Molecules that interact well with water.

Molecules that do not interact with or dissolve in water.

Molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

A bond formed when atoms share electrons.

A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally.

When atoms in a molecule have a slight charge due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Charges that attract each other, like positive and negative.

Molecules that do not have partial charges and do not interact with water.

A type of bond formed when one atom transfers an electron to another atom, creating charged ions.

The process where water molecules pull apart salt ions, making them soluble.

A substance that increases hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

A substance that decreases hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

pH of 7, where the solution is neither acidic nor basic.

A scale where each unit change represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Substances that minimize pH fluctuations in a solution.

Solutions with a pH less than 7, indicating higher hydrogen ion concentration.

Solutions with a pH greater than 7, indicating lower hydrogen ion concentration.

As hydrogen ion concentration increases, pH decreases and vice versa.

The regulation of stable conditions in the internal environment, including pH.

Ion produced when water splits; it reacts with hydrogen ions.

Substances that only slightly change pH levels upon dissolving in water.

Substances that significantly change pH levels upon dissolving in water.

Maintaining pH is crucial for cellular functions and overall health.

A solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

To minimize pH fluctuations and maintain stability in a solution.

Significant fluctuations in pH that can harm cells and biological processes.

Molecules that can break apart to form free hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

The natural dissociation of water into hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

Increases hydrogen ion concentration, lowering pH value.

Decreases hydrogen ion concentration, increasing pH value.

Maintaining a consistent pH is essential for the function of cells and enzymes.

A common buffer in biological systems that helps maintain pH level.

A tool to measure how acidic or basic a solution is based on hydrogen ion concentration.

Tools used in lab settings to demonstrate pH stability through simulations.

Bonds where electrons are shared evenly, resulting in no charge.

Common examples include carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions, making them half hydrophilic and half hydrophobic.

A spherical structure formed by antipathic molecules in water.

A structure formed when antipathic molecules organize into two layers.

A unit of measurement that represents a specific number of particles (6.022 x 10^23).

Comparing amounts based on either total mass or number of particles.

Water can exist as solid, liquid, or gas.

A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom.

Liquid water remains stable over a range of conditions and requires much energy to change states.

Water interacts differently with molecules based on their charges (polar vs nonpolar).

Measure of the amount of solute in a given volume of solution.

Nutrients rich in energy, including sugars and starches.

A small building block of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides.

A carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides linked together.

The simplest form of sugar, like glucose or fructose.

Refers to how the arrangement of atoms affects carbohydrates' function.

Composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Carbohydrates provide energy through their sugar content.

Carbohydrates attract and interact with water molecules.

Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Large molecules formed by the bonding of many monomers together.

A measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold electrons in a bond.

Bonds between atoms of different electronegativities resulting in an unequal electron sharing.

A chemical reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers using water.

A reaction where two molecules combine, releasing a molecule of water.

Specific groups of atoms that determine the characteristic reactions of organic molecules.

The attraction or repulsion between charged particles, impacting molecule behavior in water.

The joining of atoms to create new molecules through interactions of their electrons.

A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH).

Processes of assembling larger molecules from smaller units or breaking them down into smaller units.

Carbon is the essential building block of organic molecules.

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom that determine bonding behavior.

Molecules that interact well with water; typically contain polar bonds.

Molecules that do not interact with water; usually non-polar.

Basic components like carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA built primarily from carbon.

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds due to its four valence electrons.

Bonds where electrons are shared evenly, resulting in no charge separation.

Complex structures made from smaller building blocks like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.