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Biology: what is life

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason living systems do not violate the second law of thermodynamics?

They constantly import energy to maintain non-equilibrium. (correct)

They do not produce entropy.

They are in a state of thermal equilibrium.

They do not undergo chemical reactions.

What is the purpose of coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions in living systems?

To decrease the energy of the system.

To increase the entropy of the system.

To allow unfavourable endergonic reactions to occur. (correct)

To maintain thermal equilibrium.

What is the general mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in living systems?

Negative feedback loops. (correct)

Energy production.

Positive feedback loops.

Chemical reactions.

What is the definition of evolution according to Darwin?

Descent with modification. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a change to be heritable in living systems?

A change in the genetic material, DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main process that contributes to evolutionary change?

Mutation and recombination. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the different forms of a particular gene?

Alleles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that changes the distribution of alleles in a population due to chance events?

Genetic drift. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of living systems to maintain a steady internal environment regardless of their external environment?

Homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the accumulation of mutations in the DNA of germ cells?

Evolutionary change. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for describing life or living things by their common characteristics?

Because it is more useful than defining life precisely Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by living things?

Entropy Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical level of organisation exhibited by living systems?

A hierarchical arrangement of components, with each level exhibiting greater complexity than the previous level Signup and view all the answers

What is the tendency of isolated systems left to spontaneous evolution?

To become more random and disordered over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the NAZA definition of life?

Life is a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is entropy associated with?

Disorder, randomness, and uncertainty Signup and view all the answers