Biology: what is life

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason living systems do not violate the second law of thermodynamics?

  • They constantly import energy to maintain non-equilibrium. (correct)
  • They do not produce entropy.
  • They are in a state of thermal equilibrium.
  • They do not undergo chemical reactions.

What is the purpose of coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions in living systems?

  • To decrease the energy of the system.
  • To increase the entropy of the system.
  • To allow unfavourable endergonic reactions to occur. (correct)
  • To maintain thermal equilibrium.

What is the general mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in living systems?

  • Negative feedback loops. (correct)
  • Energy production.
  • Positive feedback loops.
  • Chemical reactions.

What is the definition of evolution according to Darwin?

<p>Descent with modification. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a change to be heritable in living systems?

<p>A change in the genetic material, DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main process that contributes to evolutionary change?

<p>Mutation and recombination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the different forms of a particular gene?

<p>Alleles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that changes the distribution of alleles in a population due to chance events?

<p>Genetic drift. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of living systems to maintain a steady internal environment regardless of their external environment?

<p>Homeostasis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the accumulation of mutations in the DNA of germ cells?

<p>Evolutionary change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for describing life or living things by their common characteristics?

<p>Because it is more useful than defining life precisely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by living things?

<p>Entropy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical level of organisation exhibited by living systems?

<p>A hierarchical arrangement of components, with each level exhibiting greater complexity than the previous level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tendency of isolated systems left to spontaneous evolution?

<p>To become more random and disordered over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the NAZA definition of life?

<p>Life is a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is entropy associated with?

<p>Disorder, randomness, and uncertainty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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